RULES  AND 
REGULATIONS 


OF  THE 


Board  of  Education 

LINCOLN,  NEBRASKA 

.mm 


& 


RULES 


AND  REGULATIONS 


OF  THE 


Board  of  Education 


Adopted  June  26,  1917 
Amended  January  14,  1918 


LINCOLN,  NEBRASKA 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


I.  By-Laws  of  the  Board  of  Education, 

II.  Rules  and  Regulations  for  Conduct  of  Schools 


III. 


Legal  Provisions. 


L(o^v 

RULES  AND  REGULATIONS 

BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 
LINCOLN,  NEBRASKA 


CHAPTER  ONE 

BY-LAWS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 


I.  Functions 

The  primary  function  of  the  Board  of  Education  is  legis¬ 
lative  and  judicial  rather  than  administrative  or  executive.  It 
shall  hold  its  chief  executive  officer  responsible  for  the  efficient 
administration  and  supervision  of  the  entire  system.  Individual 
members  of  the  Board  of  Education  shall  exercise  no  executive 
authority  except  as  provided  for,  or  delegated  to  members  of 
committees,  by  these  rules  or  by  specific  action  of  the  Board. 
As  the  Board  delegates  authority  to  its  chief  executive  it  shall  be 
the  policy  throughout  the  system  for  superior  officers#to  delegate 
authority  and  responsibility  to  administrative  officers  charged 
with  specific  duties  and  to  judge  the  merit  of  these  officers  by 
the  worth  of  the  work  accomplished. 

II.  Meetings 

A.  Regular  meetings  of  the  board  of  education  shall  be  held  on 
the  first,  second,  and  third  Mondays  of  each  month.  Special 
meetings  may  be  held  from  time  to  time  as  circumstances 
may  require,  upon  the  call  of  the  president. 

B.  The  hour  for  regular  meetings  shall  be  9:00  A.  M.  or  at  any 
hour  fixed  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  Board. 

C.  Bills  will  be  allowed  at  any  regular  meeting  but  must  be  in 
the  secretary's  office  by  noon  of  the  Friday  preceding  said 
meeting. 

D.  At  each  regular  meeting  of  the  board  the  business  shall  be 
transacted  in  the  following  order: 

Roll  Call 
Minutes 

Report  of  the  Superintendent 
Report  of  standing  committees 
Report  of  special  committees 
Letters  and  communications 
Presentation  of  bills 

E.  A  majority  of  the  members  of  the  board  shall  constitute  a 
quorum  but  a  less  number  at  any  meeting  shall  have  power  to 


[3] 


adjourn  from  time  to  time  or  to  enforce  the  provision 
concerning  absent  members  as  laid  down  in  the  law. 

F.  All  meetings  of  the  board  shall  be  open  to  the  public  unless 
otherwise  specifically  ordered. 

III.  Officers 

A.  The  officers  of  the  board  of  education  as  provided  by  law 
shall  be  a  president,  a  vice-president,  a  secretary  and  a 
superintendent  of  schools. 

B.  The  duties  of  the  president  as  provided  by  law  are  to  preside 
at  all  meetings,  to  appoint  all  committees  whose  appointments 
are  not  otherwise  provided  for  and  to  sign  all  warrants 
ordered  by  the  board  of  education  to  be  drawn  upon  the 
city  treasurer  for  school  moneys. 

C.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  vice-president  as  provided  by  law 
to  perform  all  duties  of  the  president  in  case  of  his  absence  or 
disability. 

D.  Superintendent  of  Schools.  See  “V”  below. 

E.  Secretary.  See  “VI”  below. 

IV.  Committees 

A.  The  president  of  the  Board  of  Education  shall  appoint 
members  of  the  following  committees: 

1.  Finance  and  Auditing. 

2.  High  School. 

3.  Hygiene  and  Sanitation. 

4.  Evening  Schools  and  Community  Centers. 

5.  New  Activities. 

6.  Purchasing  Committee. 

7.  Special  committees. 

B.  The  above  named  committees  shall  be  constituted  and  their 
duties  shall  be  as  follows: 

1.  Finance  and  Auditing.  This  committee  shall  be 
composed  of  the  president  of  the  Board  of  Education, 
three  other  members  of  the  Board  of  Education,  the 
superintendent  of  schools  and  the  Secretary.  One 
member  of  this  committee  who  shall  be  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  shall  be  assigned  to  all  matters 
of  “Operation”  and  “Maintenance”  as  contemplated 
by  the  budget  system  of  bookkeeping  adopted  by  the 
Board  of  Education.  A  second  member  of  this 
committee  who  shall  be  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education  shall  be  assigned  to  all  matters  pertaining 
to  “Instruction”  as  contemplated  by  the  system  of 
bookkeeping  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Education.  A 
third  member  of  this  committee,  who  shall  be  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  shall  be  assigned 


[4] 


to  all  matters  pertaining  to  “Capital  Outlay.”  A 
fourth  member  of  this  committee,  who  shall  be  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  shall  be  assigned 
to  all  matters  pertaining  to  “General  Control”  and 
“Miscellaneous.”  Members  of  this  committee  thus 
individually  assigned  shall,  with  the  superintendent  of 
schools  or  the  secretary,  or  both,  as  circumstances 
demand,  constitute  sub-committees  for  the  considera¬ 
tion  of  matters  falling  under  the  various  heads  con¬ 
templated  by  the  budget  system  of  bookkeeping. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  this  committee  to  approve 
all  bills  against  the  district  and  report  same  for  final 
action  of  the  Board.  The  committee  shall  annually 
during  the  month  of  June  and  as  prescribed  by  law, 
report  to  the  board  the  estimates  for  the  different 
funds  for  school  purposes  for  the  ensuing  year. 

2.  High  School.  This  committee  shall  consist  of  one 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  the  superintendent 
of  schools  and  the  principal  of  the  High  School. 

This  committee,  with  the  superintendent  and  prin¬ 
cipal  of  the  High  School,  shall  have  general  manage¬ 
ment  of  the  High  School,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Board.  All  questions  as  to  the  course  of  instruction, 
teachers,  apparatus,  and  books  shall  be  determined 
upon  the  recommendation  of  this  committee,  subject 
to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Board. 

3.  Hygiene  and  Sanitation.  This  committee  shall  con¬ 
sist  of  one  member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  the 
superintendent  of  schools  and  the  director  of  the 
department  of  hygiene.  This  committee  shall  have 
charge  of  all  the  functions  of  the  public  schools  which 
pertain  to  the  health  of  the  children  and  the  teaching 
and  administrative  force;  the  sanitation  of  the  physical 
plant  including  lighting,  heating,  ventilation;  the 
administration  of  the  department  of  physical  train¬ 
ing,  including  playgrounds,  gymnasiums  and  swim¬ 
ming  pools;  and  the  administration  of  the  department 
of  hygiene  shall  be  particular  charges  of  this  committee. 

4.  Evening  Schools  and  Community  Centers.  This  com¬ 
mittee  shall  consist  of  one  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  superintendent  of  schools  and  supervisor 
of  Community  Centers. 

This  committee  shall  be  responsible  for  the  conduct 
of  the  work  of  the  evening  schools  and  for  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  social  center  activities  and  the  promotion  of 
the  principle  of  “wider  use  of  the  school  plant”. 


[5] 


5.  New  Activities  and  Publicity.  This  committee  shall 
consist  of  the  president  of  the  Board  of  Education 
and  the  superintendent  of  schools. 

This  committee  shall  be  charged  with  the  responsi¬ 
bility  of  keeping  the  school  system  abreast  of  the 
times  and  enlightening  public  sentiment  as  to  the  best 
and  most  efficient  means  of  education  in  a  democracy. 

6.  The  Purchasing  Committee  shall  consist  of  the  super¬ 
intendent,  the  secretary,  and  the  supervisor  of  records 
and  supplies.  This  committee  shall  do  all  the  buying 
for  the  Board  and  shall  have  the  power  to  make 
purchases  or  enter  into  contracts  in  sums  not  exceeding 
one  thousand  dollars  each.  The  superintendent  and 
secretary  shall  individually  have  power  to  make  pur¬ 
chases  or  enter  into  contracts  in  sums  not  exceeding 
one  hundred  dollars  each,  without  previous  sanction  of 
the  committee.  Provided,  however,  this  committee 
shall  not  make  purchases  or  enter  into  contracts  in 
excess  of  one  hundred  dollars  when  such  purchases  or 
contracts  involve  new  policies  or  marked  departures 
from  current  practices. 

7.  The  president  of  the  Board  may  from  time  to  time 
appoint  committees  charged  with  special  projects, 
which  committees  shall  report  to  the  Board  of  Educa¬ 
tion  as  they  may  provide  by  their  action. 

V.  Superintendent  of  Schools 

A.  Election,  Term  and  Salary. 

1.  The  superintendent  of  schools  shall  be  elected  by  the 
Board  of  Education.  A  majority  vote  of  all  members 
of  the  Board  shall  be  required  to  elect. 

2.  The  superintendent  of  schools  shall  be  elected  for  a 
term  of  from  one  to  three  years,  beginning  at  the  open¬ 
ing  of  the  fiscal  year,  July  first. 

3.  The  salary  of  the  superintendent  of  schools  shall  be 
fixed  by  the  Board  of  Education  and  shall  be  payable 
in  twelve  monthly  payments.  It  shall  be  sufficient 
to  attract  the  best  talent  to  the  service  of  the  Lincoln 
schools  in  accordance  with  the  principle  that  “the 
chief  business  of  a  democracy  is  education”. 

B.  Powers  and  Duties. 

1.  The  superintendent  of  schools  shall  be  the  chief  execu¬ 
tive  officer  with  executive  oversight  over  all  other  de¬ 
partments  of  the  school  system.  While  heads  of 
departments  shall  be  left  large  liberty  of  action  within 
the  limits  of  their  departments,  the  superintendent  of 
schools  shall  nevertheless  be  held  responsible  for 


[6] 


proper  co-ordination  of  effort  and  satisfactory  results. 
In  the  educational  department  he  shall  be  in  supreme 
control.  As  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  school 
system,  all  departments  shall  report  through  him  to 
the  Board  of  Education. 

2.  As  the  chief  executive  officer  the  superintendent  of 
schools  shall  have  the  right  to  attend  any  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Education  or  any  regular  or  special 
committee  thereof,  except  when  his  own  tender  or 
salary  are  under  consideration,  and  with  the  right  to 
speak  on  any  question  but  without  the  right  to  vote. 

3.  In  all  matters  relating  to  the  conduct  of  instruction 
the  superintendent  of  schools  shall  be  in  complete 
control.  He  shall  have  full  charge  of  the  making  and 
changing  of  courses  of  study,  the  supervision  of  instruc¬ 
tion,  the  promotion  and  assignment  of  pupils  and  the 
selection  of  books  and  apparatus  for  the  carrying 
on  of  such  instruction,  the  Board  being  asked  to 
approve  only  when  new  types  of  instruction  are  to 
be  added  to  the  school  system,  new  expenditures  are 
involved  or  new  contracts  need  to  be  signed.  In  no 
case  shall  the  Board  take  any  action  on  such  matters 
except  on  the  prior  recommendation  of  the  superin¬ 
tendent  of  schools. 

4.  The  initiative  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  appoint¬ 
ment,  assignment,  transfer,  promotion,  suspension  or 
dismissal  of  teachers,  principals  or  special  supervisors 
shall  rest  with  the  superintendent  of  schools,  and  all 
applicants  for  such  positions  and  all  persons  present¬ 
ing  individual  cases  for  consideration  shall  be  referred 
to  the  superintendent  of  schools  for  a  hearing  by  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Board.  The  superintendent  shall  report 
his  recommendation  to  the  Board  which  shall  have 
power  to  approve  or  disapprove  of  the  recommendations 
which  he  makes,  but  no  power  whatever  of  substitut¬ 
ing  other  names  or  initiating  new  appointments. 

5.  In  the  appointment,  assignment,  transfer  or  dismissal 
of  operation  and  maintenance  force  the  superintendent, 
acting  in  conjunction  with  the  secretary,  shall  have 
similar  authority. 

6.  The  secretary,  as  head  of  the  business  department  of 
the  school  system,  shall  have  similar  right  of  appoint¬ 
ment,  transfer  or  dismissal  of  subordinates  subject  to 
the  final  approval  of  the  superintendent  of  schools. 

7.  In  the  matter  of  reports  to  be  required,  records  to  be 
kept,  forms  to  be  used  and  similar  matters,  the  power 
of  initiative  should  in  general  rest  with  the  superin- 


[7] 


tendent  or  the  heads  of  departments  acting  under 
his  direction,  but  the  Board  shall  have  power  to  request 
additional  information  as  to  the  work  of  the  schools 
and  to  ask  that  there  be  submitted  to  it  any  informa¬ 
tion  which  will  enable  it  better  to  check  up  the  work 
of  its  executive  officers  or  inform  itself  better  as  to  the 
conduct  of  the  schools. 

8.  It  shall  be  his  duty  to  observe  the  work  of  the  teachers 
and  to  counsel  and  advise  them  in  matters  of  instruction 
and  in  executive  management  connected  with  the 
schools  under  their  charge.  He  shall  use  every  means 
possible  to  promote  professional  study  among  the 
teachers  and  supervisors  of  the  system.  Such  means 
may  consist  of  inter-school  visitation  within  the 
Lincoln  system;  visitation  of  other  school  systems; 
attendance  upon  professional  meetings  such  as  the 
Nebraska  State  Teachers’  Association,  the  various 
national  meetings,  and  so  forth;  programs  of  pro¬ 
fessional  study,  faculty  meetings  within  the  system 
appointment  of  committees  assigned  to  special  pro¬ 
fessional  projects,  organizations  of  professional  libraries, 
and  so  forth. 

9.  He  shall  keep  himself  informed  as  to  the  school  systems 
of  other  cities,  their  organization,  modes  of  govern¬ 
ment,  methods  of  instruction  and  general  working. 
For  this  purpose  he  shall  attend  professional  meetings 
other  than  those  of  the  professional  state  organizations, 
and  the  Board  shall  meet  expenses  so  incurred  only 
in  accordance  with  contract  of  his  employment.  He 
shall  effect  the  best  arrangement  possible  for  a  regular 
and  permanent  exchange  of  reports  between  this  and 
other  school  boards. 

10.  He  shall  keep  a  permanent  record  of  the  condition  of 
each  school  for  each  month  and  for  the  year  and  shall 
make  a  summary  report  thereof  to  the  board. 

11.  He  shall  establish  such  means  for  measuring  the  effec¬ 
tiveness  of  the  work  of  the  system  as  the  best  educa¬ 
tional  thought  of  the  day  shall  dictate  and  shall  use 
such  means  of  publicity  as  will  best  keep  the  people 
of  the  community  informed  as  to  the  real  progress  of 
the  schools.  Such  publicity  shall  include  a  report  at 
the  end  of  each  school  year.  These  reports  may  be 
printed  in  such  numbers  and  at  such  expense  as  the 
Board  of  Education  may  direct. 


[8] 


VI.  Secretary 

A.  Election,  Term  and  Salary. 

1.  With  the  co-operation  of  the  superintendent  of  schools 
the  secretary  shall  be  elected  by  a  majority  vote  of  all 
members  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

2.  His  term  shall  be  from  one  to  three  years  in  length  at 
the  option  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

3.  His  salary  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Education 
but  shall  be  sufficient  to  attract  a  high  order  of  business 
ability  to  the  management  of  the  business  affairs  of 
the  schools. 

B.  The  duties  of  the  secretary  shall  be  as  follows: 

1.  He  shall  in  general  be  the  business  manager  of  the 
school  system. 

2.  He  shall  notify  all  members  of  all  meetings  of  the  Board, 
shall  be  present  at  all  meetings  of  the  Board,  keep  an 
accurate  journal  of  its  proceedings,  make  an  accurate 
marginal  index  of  the  same  and  an  index  of  the  marginal 
indices,  take  charge  of  its  books  and  documents, 
countersign  all  warrants  for  school  moneys  drawn  upon 
the  city  treasurer  by  order  of  the  Board,  apply  for  and 
receive  school  funds  from  county  treasurer  or  other 
persons  to  whom  such  funds  are  payable  by  law  and 
deposit  the  same  with  the  treasurer  of  the  board,  and 
perform  all  such  other  duties  as  the  Board  may  require. 

3.  He  shall  give  bond  in  the  sum  of  not  less  than  $5,000 
and  shall  take  and  subscribe  to  the  usual  oath  of  office. 

4.  He  shall  keep  all  the  necessary  books  of  the  board  in 
accordance  with  the  generally  accepted  budget  system 
of  school  accounting  as  recommended  by  the  National 
Bureau  of  Education,  shall  prepare  a  balance  sheet 
each  month  and  furnish  each  member  of  the  Board 
of  Education  and  the  superintendent  with  a  copy  of 
the  same.  He  shall  post  the  balance  sheet  each  month 
in  the  offices  of  the  Board  of  Education  and  shall  correct 
the  same  after  claims  for  each  month  have  been  allowed. 
He  shall  prepare  a  schedule  of  the  names  of  the  officers, 
teachers,  and  operation  and  maintenance  employees 
in  the  schools  and  amount  of  salary  due  each  and 
present  the  same  to  the  Board  when  the  pay  roll  is 
allowed.  He  shall  make  in  the  minutes  of  each  meet¬ 
ing  a  record  of  the  bills  allowed  at  such  meetings, 
general  classification  of  claims,  inclusive  numbers  of 
warrants  issued  and  amounts  for  such  claims  and  fund 


[9] 


upon  which  drawn.  He  shall  audit  all  bills  against  the 
district  and  shall  report  the  same  for  final  action  of 
the  Board  at  its  regular  sessions.  At  each  regular 
meeting  of  the  Board  the  secretary  shall  place  in  the 
hands  of  the  members  of  the  Board  a  typewritten  list 
of  all  bills  to  be  allowed  at  that  meeting. 

5.  All  warrants  shall  be  made  payable  to  order  and  shall 
be  numbered  in  series  consecutively.  A  record  of  each 
warrant  issued  shall  be  kept  showing  number,  date, 
amount,  to  whom  and  for  what  purpose  it  was  issued. 
Each  voucher  shall  bear  the  same  number  as  the  warrant 
issued  in  payment  thereof,  and  shall  be  sworn  to  by 
the  person  or  firm  making  the  claim. 

6.  All  vouchers  and  returned  warrants  shall  be  filed  away 
by  the  secretary  and  carefully  preserved. 

7.  Pay  rolls  and  vouchers  must  be  signed  by  the  persons 
or  firms  to  whom  warrants  are  issued  or  by  some  party 
duly  authorized  to  sign  for  said  persons  or  firms. 

8.  The  secretary  of  the  Board  shall  be  superintendent 
of  the  physical  plant  of  the  schools.  He  shall  have 
entire  charge  of  the  janitorial  force  and  no  member  of 
such  force  shall  be  elected  or  discharged  except  upon 
his  recommendation.  He  shall  have  the  power  upon 
the  approval  of  the  chairman  of  the  proper  committee 
to  discharge  a  janitor  “for  cause ”  but  he  shall  state 
the  reason  for  such  dismissal  in  writing  to  the  Board  of 
Education. 

9.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  secretary  to  see  that  the 
schools  are  properly  supplied  with  fuel  and  to  attend 
to  such  details  in  the  way  of  repairs  and  incidental 
needs  of  the  schools  as  the  members  of  the  Board  and 
the  proper  committee  may  direct. 

VII.  Other  Administrative  Officers 

A.  Other  administrative  officers  of  the  Board  shall  consist  of 
such  full-  and  part-time  supervisors  of  special  subjects  and 
heads  of  departments  as  the  board  may  select  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  superintendent  of  schools;  the  super¬ 
visor  of  the  department  of  hygiene;  the  supervisor  of  the 
department  of  child  welfare,  including  the  head  of  the  de¬ 
partment,  the  supervisor  of  boys’  vocational  guidance,  the 
supervisor  of  girls’  vocational  guidance  and  the  chief  attend¬ 
ance  and  census  officer;  the  principals  of  the  various  schools; 
the  clerical  force  including  a  supervisor  of  records  and  supplies, 
a  chief  accountant  to  the  secretary  and  such  other  clerical 
force  as  the  Board  may  deem  it  necessary  to  select;  and 


[10] 


the  operation  and  maintenance  force  in  the  employ  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 

B.  Election,  Term  and  Salary. 

1.  Before  July  first  of  each  year  all  supervisors  shall, 
upon  recommendation  of  the  superintendent,  be  elected 
by  the  Board  of  Education  for  the  ensuing  year.  The 
chief  attendance  officer  and  the  supervisor  of  physical 
training  shall  be  elected  for  the  fiscal  year  of  twelve 
months.  Other  supervisors  may,  as  circumstances 
demand,  be  elected  for  terms  longer  than  nine  months. 

a.  The  salaries  of  supervisors  shall  be  sufficient  to 
attract  the  services  of  experts  to  the  headship  of 
each  department  and  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Board 
of  Education. 

b.  Each  supervisor  shall  act  as  the  responsible  head 
of  his  department,  be  responsible  for  the  making 
of  the  budget  for  his  department,  act  as  its 
business  manager  and  submit  an  annual  report 
and  report  at  such  other  times  as  the  Board  of 
Education  or  the  superintendent  of  schools  may 
direct.  For  duties  of  supervisors  see  Chapter 
Three,  IX,  B,  3. 

2.  Each  principal  shall  be  the  responsible  administrative 
head  of  his  school.  He  shall  report  to  the  superin¬ 
tendent  at  such  times  as  the  superintendent  and  Board 
may  direct,  shall  be  responsible  for  the  business  man¬ 
agement  and  the  budget  of  his  school  and  shall  in 
general  be  responsible  for  the  policies  of  the  school. 

3.  The  supervisor  of  records  and  supplies  shall  be  the 
assistant  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education  and  the 
chief  clerk  to  the  superintendent.  Such  supervisor  of 
records  and  supplies  shall  be  elected  by  the  Board  of 
Education  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  superin¬ 
tendent  of  schools  for  such  term  of  service  as  the  Board 
may  direct  and  at  such  salary  as  the  Board  may  deem 
wise. 

a.  The  head  of  the  office  force  of  the  secretary  shall 
be  a  chief  accountant  who  shall  be  elected  by 
the  Board  of  Education  upon  the  recommendation 
of  the  secretary  and  the  superintendent  of 
schools  for  such  a  term  of  service  and  salary  as 
the  Board  may  deem  wise. 

b.  The  Board  may  employ  such  other  clerical 
and  office  force  for  the  Lincoln  schools  as  may 
be  required  to  carry  on  the  necessary  work  of 


[ll] 


the  system.  Such  persons  may  be  employed  in 
the  office  of  the  superintendent  of  schools,  the 
office  of  the  secretary  and  in  the  offices  of  the 
various  supervisors  and  principals  under  salary 
schedules  to  be  determined  by  the  Board. 


CHAPTER  TWO 

RULES  AND  REGULATIONS  FOR  CONDUCT  OF  THE 

SCHOOLS 

I.  Classification  of  Schools 

A.  Schools  of  the  Lincoln  system  shall  be  classified  as  follows: 

1.  Senior  high 

2.  Junior  high 

3.  Elementary 

4.  Kindergartens 

5.  Special 

6.  Evening 

7.  Vacation 

8.  Continuation 

9.  Vocational  schools. 

B.  These  schools  shall  be  constituted  as  follows: 

1.  Senior  high  school  shall  consist  regularly  of  the  tenth, 
eleventh,  and  twelfth  grades;  (until  the  junior  high 
school  organization  is  complete  throughout  the  city, 
senior  high  school  will  consist  of  ninth,  tenth,  eleventh, 
and  twelfth  grades). 

2.  Junior  high  school  shall  consist  of  seventh,  eighth, 
and  ninth  grades.  (In  many  buildings  junior  high 
school  will  consist  of  seventh  and  eighth  grades  until 
the  junior  high  school  organization  is  complete  through¬ 
out  the  city.) 

3.  The  elementary  school  will  consist  of  grades  one  to 
six. 

4.  Special  schools  will  consist  of  opportunity  rooms  for 
sub-normal  children,  preparatory  school  for  gifted 
children  and  prevocational  classes,  groups  and  schools. 

5.  The  evening  school  will  consist  of  all  evening  and 
extension  classes. 

6.  Vacation  school  will  consist  of  such  classes  as  may  be 
conducted  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of 
Education  during  the  summer  months. 


[12] 


7.  Continuation  schools  will  consist  of  classes  offering 
special  provision  in  either  regular  or  special  units  of 
organization  for  those  who  wish  to  continue  their 
education  while  engaged  in  a  gainful  occupation. 

II.  Organization  of  Districts 

A.  The  boundaries  of  the  various  school  districts  in  the  city  of 
Lincoln  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Education  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  superintendent  of  city  schools. 

B.  Blue  prints  showing  the  districting  of  the  city  school  district 
shall  be  kept  in  the  Board  of  Education  office  and  the  offices 
of  the  principals  of  the  various  schools. 

C.  Pupils  having  residence  in  a  given  district  may  be  permitted 
to  attend  school  in’ another  district  upon  securing  permission 
from  the  office  of  the  superintendent  of  schools. 

III.  Curriculums 

A.  The  organization  and  establishment  of  curriculums  in  the 
various  schools  as  classified  under  “I”  shall  be  governed  by 
the  principle  of  ‘"adaptation  to  individual  and  community 
needs”. 

B.  Curriculums  shall  be  the  outgrowth  of  the  careful  study  of 
the  children  whom  they  are  to  serve,  of  the  communities  in 
which  they  are  to  be  used,  of  the  best  professional  study  of 
the  teachers  who  use  them,  and  of  the  most  scientific  and 
careful  experimental  practice  which  may  be  carried  on  within 
the  system. 

IV.  Admission 

A.  Children  five  years  of  age  are  eligible  to  the  Kindergarten 
and  children  six  years  of  age  or  over  are  eligible  to  the  first 
grade.  Children  will  be  received  in  the  Kindergarten  during 
the  three  weeks  after  the  beginning  of  the  semester.  Children 
who  are  to  be  five  years  old  within  a  given  semester  may  be 
admitted  to  the  Kindergarten  during  the  prescribed  three 
weeks  in  all  cases  where  the  Kindergartens  are  not  crowded. 

B.  Pupils  coming  to  the  city  from  other  localities  will  attend 
the  school  of  the  district  in  which  they  have  residence  and 
will  be  placed  in  the  proper  grade  by  the  principal  of  such 
school.  Principals  will  make  age  and  apparent  social  in¬ 
heritance  as  much  a  factor  in  determining  the  gradation  of  such 
pupils  as  apparent  scholastic  standing.  Principals  should 
also  exercise  great  care  not  to  increase  retardation  by  placing 
incoming  pupils  in  too  low  a  grade  merely  upon  the  ground 
of  unfamiliarity  with  the  Lincoln  course  of  study. 

C.  Pupils  shall  be  admitted  to  the  senior  high  school  upon 
completion  of  the  course  in  the  junior  high  school,  upon  pres¬ 
entation  of  a  “free  high  school”  tuition  certificate  under 


[13] 


the  laws  of  the  state  of  Nebraska  or  upon  passing  such 
examinations  as  the  faculty  and  principal  of  the  high  school, 
with  the  approval  of  the  superintendent  of  schools,  may 
require.  Pupils  presenting  good  evidence  of  having  had 
membership  or  standing  in  any  fully  accredited  four-year 
high  school  in  the  state  of  Nebraska  or  its  equivalent  will  be 
admitted  to  the  senior  high  school  without  examination. 

D.  Special  Schools. 

1.  Pupils  are  admitted  to  the  prevocational  schools  in 
grades  seven,  eight  and  nine  upon  recommendation  of 
the  principal  and  approval  of  the  superintendent  of 
schools.  Pupils  are  admitted  to  the  prevocational 
group  at  the  High  School  upon  recommendation  of 
the  principal  and  junior  high  school  faculty  of  any 
school.  Only  such  pupils  should  be  recommended  as 
are,  in  the  judgment  of  the  principal,  faculty  and 
superintendent,  of  high  school  age  and  maturity  and 
will  be  better  served  by  the  High  School. 

2.  Preparatory  School.  Pupils  from  Sixth  A  and  Seventh 
B  grades  from  all  schools  are  admitted  to  the  prepara¬ 
tory  school  on  the  following  conditions: 

A  or  B  grades  in  all  promotional  subjects. 

Consent  of  the  parents. 

Recommendation  of  the  principal  or  superintendent 

of  schools. 

3.  Opportunity  rooms.  Pupils  are  admitted  to  the 
opportunity  rooms  of  the  various  schools  upon  exami¬ 
nation  showing  mental  defect,  upon  evidence  of  great 
retardation  and  upon  the  recommendation  of  the 
principal. 

4.  Evening  schools.  Any  person  sixteen  years  of  age  or 
above,  conscientiously  desiring  additional  education 
but  unable  to  attend  the  day  schools  may  be  admitted 
to  the  evening  schools.  The  Board  of  Education  may 
require  a  small  deposit  to  promote  regular  attendance 
and  to  insure  the  safe  return  of  materials  and  text 
books  loaned.  Pupils  between  fourteen  and  sixteen 
years  of  age  who  have  been  given  legal  labor  permits 
are  required  to  attend  the  evening  school  or  continua¬ 
tion  classes  in  the  day  school. 

5.  Vacation  school.  The  summer  term  shall  be  six  weeks 
long  and  no  pupil  shall  be  given  credit  for  removing 
condition  who  has  lost  more  than  three  days’  time, 
except  by  special  permission  from  the  superintendent. 

6.  Continuation  schools.  The  Board  of  Education  may 
organize  part  time  co-operative  and  continuation 


[14] 


courses  for  persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations  who 
desire  to  continue  their  education  while  working  part 
time. 

7.  Vocational  schools.  The  Board  may  also  organize  full 
time  vocational  courses  for  persons  above  the  com¬ 
pulsory  school  age  or  to  meet  the  provisions  of  federal 
or  state  laws  for  the  encouragement  of  vocational 
education. 


V.  Graduation 

A.  Pupils  having  completed  a  High  School  curriculum  will  be 
given  a  diploma  signed  by  the  president  and  secretary  of 
the  Board  of  Education,  superintendent  of  schools  and  the 
principal  of  the  High  School. 

B.  Pupils  completing  especially  prescribed  short  courses  or  a 
prescribed  course  in  the  evening  schools  may  be  given  cer¬ 
tificates  of  attainment  or  promotion. 

C.  Commencement  exercises  shall  be  held  for  classes  graduating 
from  the  High  School  course  but  promotional  exercises  may 
be  held  for  pupils  promoted  to  the  Senior  High  School  or 
pupils  completing  prescribed  courses  in  special  schools  or 
evening  schools. 

VI.  Records  and  Reports 

A.  A  permanent  record  of  the  progress  and  scholarship  of  the 
pupils  enrolled  in  the  various  schools  shall  be  kept  by  classes. 
One  copy  of  such  report  of  each  class  shall  be  filed  in  the 
superintendent's  office  at  the  end  of  each  semester  and  one 
copy  shall  be  kept  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  principal  of  the 
school,  except  in  the  High  School  in  which  case  the  report 
sheet  shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  principal  of  the  High 
School  only. 

B.  A  cumulative  record  showing  the  scholastic  progress  and 
physical  condition  and  development  of  each  pupil  shall  be 
kept  throughout  the  kindergarten,  elementary  and  junior 
high  school  courses.  An  additional  cumulative  record 
showing  the  scholastic  progress  shall  be  kept  throughout  the 
senior  high  school  course. 

C.  At  the  end  of  the  second  week  of  each  semester,  teachers 
shall  enter  in  the  permanent  school  register  the  name  of  each 
pupil  enrolled,  his  age,  street  address,  and  the  name  of  the 
parent  or  guardian.  The  names  of  boys  and  girls  should  be 
entered  on  separate  sheets. 

When  a  pupil  enters  school,  the  teacher  shall  ascertain 
whether  he  has  attended  any  other  school  in  the  city  during 
the  current  school  year;  if  so,  he  shall  not  be  enrolled  until 


[15] 


he  presents  a  properly  certified  transfer  card  and  record  of 
attendance.  No  pupil  shall  be  enrolled  without  the  sanction 
of  the  principal. 

When  a  pupil  leaves  school  permanently,  the  reason  for 
such  leaving,  if  it  can  be  ascertained,  should  be  entered  in  the 
register  opposite  his  name;  if  transferred,  the  name  of  the 
school  to  which  transfer  is  made  should  be  recorded. 

Pupils  whose  membership  ceases  through  death,  exclusion 
on  account  of  contagious  diseases,  suspension  under  the 
rules  of  the  Board,  removal  or  transfer  should  be  marked 
withdrawn  at  once. 

Pupils  who  are  temporarily  absent  on  account  of  illness 
(except  contagious  diseases),  truancy,  home  duties,  etc., 
shall  be  marked  withdrawn  when  they  have  been  absent 
for  six  consecutive  half  school-days. 

When  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  whether  a  pupil's  absence 
is  temporary  or  permanent,  he  should  be  marked  withdrawn 
after  he  has  been  absent  for  six  consecutive  half  school-days. 
During  the  month,  if  the  teacher  discovers  that  he  has  left 
school  permanently,  the  record  should  be  corrected  to  corre¬ 
spond  with  the  facts  in  the  case. 

Pupils  who  are  absent  for  more  than  half  of  the  session 
shall  be  marked  absent  for  that  session. 

On  holidays  granted  by  the  Board,  and  on  other  occasions 
when  it  is  found  necessary  to  dismiss  school  for  a  half-day  or 
more,  perfect  attendance  shall  be  counted  for  all  pupils, 
except  for  those  who  are  withdrawn  at  time  of  such  dismissal. 

The  day's  attendance  on  the  school  register  shall  corre¬ 
spond  with  the  day's  attendance  on  the  report  cards.  Forty- 
five  days  shall  constitute  a  quarter. 

School  registers  shall  be  marked  uniformly  as  indicated 
below : 

E  — Entered  a  new  registration. 

Et — Entered  by  transfer. 

R  — Re-entered. 

Tr — Transferred . 

W — Withdrawn . 

/  —Absent. 

/.  — Excused  absence. 

T  — Tardy. 

T. — Excused  tardiness. 

Teachers  shall  not  leave  the  building  at  the  close  of  the  day 
until  the  proper  entries  have  been  made  in  the  school  register. 

Teachers  in  the  elementary  schools  shall  send  to  parents 
a  quarterly  report  of  the  work  of  their  children  and  shall  keep 
them  informed  of  absence,  tardiness,  misconduct,  and  un¬ 
satisfactory  work. 


[16] 


D.  Teachers  in  the  High  School  shall  send  reports  to  parents  as 
directed  by  the  principal. 

When  the  absence  of  any  pupil  or  his  tardiness  has  so 
accumulated  that  additional  cases  of  either  would  suspend 
him,  the  teacher  shall  notify  the  parent  or  guardian  of  this 
fact  requesting  an  acknowledgment  of  the  receipt  of  the 
notice. 

Each  case  requiring  the  suspension  of  a  pupil  for  absence, 
tardiness,  or  misconduct  shall  be  reported  to  the  principal 
for  final  action. 

In  case  a  pupil’s  work  becomes  unsatisfactory  and  he  is 
liable  to  be  demoted,  a  warning  notice  shall  be  sent  to  the 
parent  at  least  four  weeks  before  final  action  is  taken  in 
changing  the  classification  of  the  pupil. 

VII.  Regulations  Governing  Pupils 

A.  The  laws  of  Nebraska  require  that  every  child  not  less  than 
seven  nor  more  than  sixteen  years  of  age  shall  attend  school 
for  the  full  period  (9  months)  each  school  year,  unless  legally 
excused  by  the  proper  authorities. 

B.  A  pupil  from  a  school  outside  of  Lincoln  applying  for  ad¬ 
mission  for  the  first  time  shall  report  to  the  principal,  who, 
after  finding  out  approximately  the  grade  for  which  he  is 
best  fitted,  shall  refer  him  to  a  teacher  in  charge  of  such  grade. 
He  shall  be  given  at  least  two  weeks  for  adjustment  and  at 
the  expiration  of  that  time  he  shall  be  classified  as  the  principal 
and  teacher  think  best.  (See  Admission- — IV,  B.) 

C.  Pupils  are  expected  to  commence  school  promptly  at  the 
beginning  of  each  semester  and  are  required  to  be  regular 
and  punctual  in  attendance,  obedient  to  their  teachers,  and 
diligent  in  the  performance  of  all  duties  assigned  to  them. 

Kindergarten  and  first  grade  pupils  shall  not  be  allowed 
to  enter  except  by  transfer  from  some  other  school,  after  the 
third  week  of  each  semester  without  written  permission  from 
the  superintendent.  (See  Admission — IV,  A.) 

D.  No  pupil  shall  be  permitted  to  enter  a  school  outside  of  the 
sub-district  in  which  he  resides,  except  by  written  permission 
of  the  superintendent. 

E.  A  pupil  about  to  remove  to  another  sub-district  should  pro¬ 
cure  a  transfer  card  and  record  of  attendance  and  scholar¬ 
ship  for  presentation  to  the  principal  of  the  school  to  which 
he  is  transferred. 

F.  When  a  pupil  in  the  elementary  schools  has  been  absent  for 
three  half-days  or  tardy  three  times  without  an  excuse  from 
the  parent  or  guardian  that  is  satisfactory  to  the  teacher, 
he  shall  be  suspended.  A  pupil  thus  suspended  shall  not  be 
re-admitted  to  school  until  the  parent  or  guardian  shall  in 


[17] 


person  satisfy  the  superintendent  that  said  pupil  will  be 
regular  and  punctual  in  the  future,  and  secures  from  him 
written  permission  for  the  pupil  to  return  to  school. 

When  the  absence  of  any  pupil  or  his  tardiness  has  so 
accumulated  that  an  additional  case  of  either  would  suspend 
him,  the  teacher  shall  notify  the  parent  or  guardian  of  this 
fact,  requesting  an  acknowledgment  of  the  receipt  of  the 
notice. 

A  mere  statement  that  the  parent  has  kept  the  pupil  at 
home  shall  not  be  accepted  by  the  teacher  as  an  excuse  for 
tardiness  or  absence.  Illness  of  the  pupil,  illness  in  the 
family,  or  some  other  urgent  necessity  shall  be  the  only 
legitimate  excuse  for  absence  or  tardiness. 

Excuses  must  be  signed  by  the  parent  or  guardian,  and 
any  pupil  presenting  an  excuse  with  a  false  signature  is 
liable  to  suspension. 

G.  No  pupil  shall  be  allowed  to  leave  school  before  the  appointed 
time  for  dismissal  except  in  case  of  illness,  or  at  the  request 
of  the  parent  or  guardian  in  person  or  in  writing,  for  some 
pressing  emergency  of  which  the  principal  shall  be  the  judge. 

H.  Pupils  who  leave  school  without  the  permission  of  the  teacher 
or  principal  or  who  are  absent  from  school  without  the  knowl¬ 
edge  and  consent  of  parents  or  guardians,  shall  be  considered 
truants  and  are  liable  to  suspension.  Pupils  suspended  for 
truancy  shall  not  be  readmitted  to  school  until  they  present  a 
written  order  from  the  superintendent. 

I.  Pupils  who  are  not  in  their  rooms  at  the  hour  set  for  opening 
shall  be  considered  tardy,  unless  they  have  reported  to  the 
school  previous  to  that  time  and  have  been  excused  by  the 
principal. 

Pupils  who  are  absent  for  more  than  half  the  session  shall 
be  marked  absent  for  that  session. 

J.  Pupils  shall  accord  to  other  teachers  in  the  building  the  same 
respect  and  obedience  as  that  which  they  show  their  own 
class-room  teacher. 

K.  Pupils  are  expected  to  leave  the  school  premises  and  go 
directly  home  after  school  is  dismissed,  unless  detained  or 
otherwise  permitted  by  their  teachers. 

L.  Pupils  who  live  within  nine  blocks  of  the  school  building  shall 
not  be  permitted  to  remain  at  the  school  building  during 
the  noon  hour,  except  in  cases  of  emergency  of  which  the 
principal  shall  be  the  judge. 

M.  Pupils  who  desire  to  remain  in  the  school  building  during 
the  noon  hour  shall  first  get  permission  from  the  principal, 
and  shall  be  subject  to  such  restrictions  as  the  principal 
may  impose.  In  all  cases  they  shall  be  held  responsible  for 
damage  done  to  the  building  or  its  contents,  and  for  any  dis¬ 
order  or  misplacement  of  books  or  furniture. 

[18] 


N.  Pupils  must  strive  to  keep  clean  the  school  yard,  school  room, 
toilet  rooms,  and  any  buildings  located  on  the  school  premises. 
They  must  not  bring  to  school  any  books,  periodicals,  or 
papers  foreign  to  the  purpose  of  study. 

O.  Pupils  are  strictly  forbidden  to  throw  snow  balls  or  other 
missiles  on  the  school  grounds  or  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  school  buildings,  or  in  any  place  on  their  way  to  and 
from  school  where  the  safety  of  persons  or  property  is  en¬ 
dangered. 

P.  Pupils  shall  be  held  responsible  for  the  proper  care  of  all 
books  and  supplies  furnished  them  by  the  Board  of  Educa¬ 
tion.  They  shall  be  fined  for  all  damage  done  to  books  and 
supplies  beyond  that  arising  from  ordinary  usage.  They 
shall  pay  for  all  books  and  supplies  that  are  lost  or  destroyed 
willfully  or  through  neglect  and  carelessness.  In  each  case 
the  teacher  and  principal  shall  determine  the  amount  to  be 
paid  by  the  pupil.  In  case  of  refusal  to  pay  the  fine  imposed 
the  pupil  shall  be  suspended  from  school  until  such  payment 
is  made. 

This  rule  is  in  accordance  with  the  statutes  of  Nebraska. 

Q.  No  pupil  shall  be  allowed  to  take  a  less  number  of  studies  than 
the  number  prescribed  for  his  grade;  nor  shall  he  be  allowed 
to  take  any  study  not  prescribed  in  the  course  for  his  grade 
except  under  rules  formulated  by  the  superintendent. 

R.  No  pupil  shall  be  excused  from  school  to  attend  private 
classes,  except  under  rules  formulated  by  the  superintendent. 

S.  Pupils  shall  not  solicit  contributions  from  classmates  for  the 
purpose  of  raising  a  fund  with  which  to  purchase  gifts  for 
teachers  or  school  officials,  nor  shall  they  present  gifts  to 
teachers  at  the  school. 

VIII.  Organization  of  Supervisory  and  Teaching  Forces 

A.  The  superintendent  of  schools  is  the  head  of  the  supervisory 
force  of  the  Lincoln  public  schools  and  shall  direct  the  organi¬ 
zation  of  the  remainder  of  the  force  for  supervisory  purposes. 

B.  The  supervision  of  highly  specialized  subjects  is  directed  by 
special  supervisors  chosen  by  the  Board  of  Education  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  superintendent  of  schools. 

1.  The  supervisors  of  special  subjects  are  as  follows: 

a.  Boys’  Vocational  Work 

b.  Girls’  Vocational  Work 

c.  Music 

d.  Art 

e.  Physical  Training  and  Playgrounds 

f.  Evening  Schools 

g.  Community  Centers 


[19] 


h.  Penmanship 

i.  Primary  grades  and  Kindergartens 

j.  Hygiene  (Medical  Inspection) 

k.  Boys’  Vocational  Guidance 

l.  Girls’  Vocational  Guidance 

m.  Attendance  and  Census, 

and  such  heads  of  departments  in  the  high  school  as 
may  be  called  upon  to  supervise  and  correlate  work 
in  the  junior  high  and  elementary  schools  similar  to 
that  under  their  charge  in  the  senior  High  School; 
and  such  other  supervisors  as  the  Board  of  Education 
may  deem  advisable  to  select. 

2.  Election,  Term  and  Salary. 

See  other  Administrative  Officers,  Chap.  Two,  VII  B. 

3.  Duties  of  supervisors  in  charge  of  instruction  in  special¬ 
ized  subjects,  (Boys’  Vocational  Work,  Girls’  Voca¬ 
tional  Work,  Music,  Art,  Physical  Training  and  Play¬ 
grounds,  Evening  Schools,  Penmanship,  Primary  Grades 
and  Kindergartens,  Boys’  Vocational  Guidance,  Girls’ 
Vocational  Guidance,  Hygiene  and  Medical  Inspection, 
and  heads  of  High  School  departments)  shall  exercise 
the  following  functions  and  duties: 

a.  Administrative  Duties.  See  Chapter  Two,  VII- 
B,  1-b. 

b.  They  shall  in  accordance  with  these  rules  develop 
curriculums  as  a  basis  for  instruction  in  their 
respective  departments  in  accordance  with  the 
best  and  most  progressive  educational  thought 
of  the  day  and  in  accordance  with  the  special 
needs  of  the  community  and  of  the  groups  of 
pupils  which  their  departments  serve.  They 
shall  adapt  these  curriculums  to  the  general 
policies  which  dominate  the  administration  and 
supervision  of  the  school  system  as  a  whole,  and 
shall  seek  to  make  them  in  the  broadest  sense 
of  service  to  the  young  people  of  the  com¬ 
munity  and  to  the  future  citizenship  of  Lincoln. 

c.  They  shall  develop  the  teachers  in  their  respective 
departments  to  the  highest  standard  of  pro¬ 
fessional  ideals  and  to  that  end  shall  organize 
systems  of  professional  study,  teachers’  meetings, 
inter-scholastic  visitation,  and  so  forth. 

d.  They  shall  personally  supervise  instruction  in  the 
class-rooms  under  their  charge  and  shall  per¬ 
sonally  confer  with  and  seek  to  stimulate  their 
teachers  to  their  highest  possible  instructional 
attainments. 


.  [20] 


e.  They  shall  articulate  instruction  in  their  various 
departments  between  the  various  units  of  organi¬ 
zation  such  as  the  kindergarten,  elementary  and 
junior  high  school  and  senior  high  school. 

f.  They  shall  regard  their  various  subjects  as  educa¬ 
tional  means  rather  than  educational  ends  and 
shall  correlate  instruction  in  their  respective 
departments  with  that  of  other  departments 
and  of  the  schools  as  a  whole. 

g.  Supervisors  of  highly  specialized  subjects  shall 
work  according  to  a  program  approved  by  the 
superintendent. 

h.  Once  each  semester  each  supervisor  will  request 
the  regular  teacher  to  conduct  a  recitation  in 
order  that  the  teacher’s  means  of  presenting  the 
work  may  be  observed  by  the  supervisor. 

i.  Once  each  semester  each  supervisor  will  conduct 
a  recitation  in  order  that  the  regular  teacher 
may  observe  a  supervisor’s  methods  of  present¬ 
ing  the  work. 

j.  When  giving  a  special  lesson  in  any  department 
the  supervisor  may  assume  the  government  of  the 
room  and  direct  the  teacher  to  give  assistance  or 
observe  the  work  but  the  general  authority  of 
the  regular  teacher  shall  remain  intact. 

k.  Supervisors  will  have  at  least  two  regular  office 
hours  each  week  which  shall  be  printed  in  the 

'  regular  directory  published  by  the  Board  of 
Education. 

C.  The  organization,  functions  and  duties  of  the  department  of 
Hygiene  shall  be  as  follows: 

1.  The  supervisor  of  the  department  of  hygiene  shall  be  a 
licensed  physician  having  special  training  and  experi¬ 
ence  in  school  hygiene.  He  shall  devote  his  entire 
time  to  the  work  of  his  department  with  such  allowance 
for  lectures  and  addresses  as  the  Board  may  deem  it 
wise  to  grant.  In  no  case  shall  he  practice  medicine 
in  the  city  of  Lincoln. 

2.  Such  assistants  as  dentists,  nurses  and  such  clerical 
help  as  may  be  necessary  may  be  employed  by  the 
Board  of  Education  for  this  department  upon  recom¬ 
mendation  of  the  head  of  the  department  of  hygiene  and 
the  superintendent  of  schools. 

3.  Functions  and  Duties. 

a.  The  responsibility  for  sanitation  of  the  schools 
of  the  system  shall  be  in  the  hands  of  this  depart¬ 
ment  and  the  head  of  the  department  shall  act 


[21] 


as  consulting  expert  upon  sanitation  and  hygiene 
in  the  erection  of  all  new  school  buildings. 

b.  The  department  of  hygiene  shall  be  responsible 
for  the  physical  inspection  of  all  the  pupils  of  the 
system  for  remedial  physical  defects,  evidence  of 
contagious,  infectious  and  epidemic  diseases,  and 
shall  have  charge  of  all  instructional  courses  in 
hygiene  and  related  subjects. 

c.  This  department  shall  be  charged  with  the  en¬ 
forcement  of  the  quarantine  rules  of  the  Board  of 
Health  and  for  the  exclusion  of  pupils  from  the 
schools  on  account  of  epidemic,  contagious  and 
infectious  diseases.  These  rules  are  as  follows-. 

QUARANTINE  REGULATIONS 

The  diseases  which  are  prevalent  in  this  vicinity  and  are 
recognized  as  subject  to  quarantine  are  as  follows: 

Scarlet  Fever  (Scarletina  or  Scarlet  Rash) 

Diphtheria  (Membranous  Croup) 

Smallpox 

Infantile  Paralysis 

Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis 

Measles 

Whooping  Cough 

Mumps 

The  rules  of  the  department  of  health  make  provision 
for  two  forms  of  quarantine,  namely,  strict  and  modi¬ 
fied.  When  strict  quaratine  is  established*  no  members 
of  the  household  are  allowed  to  leave  the  home  prem¬ 
ises.  A  modified  quarantine  permits  the  well  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  household  to  continue  their  usual  vocations 
so  long  as  they  do  not  come  into  direct  contact  with 
the  sick  ones.  The  time  elapsing  between  the  exposure 
to  and  the  onset  of  any  disease  is  known  as  the  incu¬ 
bation  period. 

Scarlet  Fever  (Scarletina  or  Scarlet  Rash).  Incuba¬ 
tion  period — one  to  seven  days;  most  frequently  two 
to  four  days.  Strict  quarantine  shall  be  maintained 
for  a  period  of  twenty-one  to  thirty-five  days.  Pupils 
shall  only  be  permitted  to  return  to  school  after  quaran¬ 
tine  has  been  discontinued  and  the  period  of  incubation 
has  elapsed. 

Diphtheria  (Membranous  Croup).  Incubation  per¬ 
iod — two  to  seven  days;  most  frequently  two  days. 
Strict  quarantine  shall  be  maintained  until  attending 
physician  reports  patient  recovered  and  two  consecu¬ 
tive  negative  cultures  from  the  patient  and  one  negative 


[22] 


culture  from  the  other  members  of  the  household 
under  quarantine  have  been  personally  made  by  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  city  department  of  health ;  an  interval  of  at 
least  thirty-six  hours  having  elapsed  between  the 
taking  of  the  consecutive  negative  cultures. 

Smallpox.  Incubation  period — eight  to  twenty  days; 
most  frequently  twelve  days.  Strict  quarantine  shall 
be  maintained  until  recovery,  desquamation,  and  heal¬ 
ing  of  sores  is  complete.  Pupils  may  return  to  school 
after  quarantine  has  been  discontinued  and  incubation 
period  has  passed. 

Infantile  Paralysis.  Incubation  period  unknown. 
Strict  quarantine  to  be  maintained  twenty-one  days. 
Pupils  may  return  to  school  thirty  days  after  quaran¬ 
tine  has  been  discontinued. 

Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis.  Incubation  period  un¬ 
known.  Strict  quarantine  to  be  maintained  for  twenty- 
one  days.  Pupils  may  return  to  school  after  quaran¬ 
tine  has  been  discontinued. 

Measles.  Incubation  period — nine  to  fourteen  days. 
Modified  quarantine  shall  be  maintained  until  the 
patient  has  completely  recovered;  the  minimum  dura¬ 
tion  of  the  quarantine  shall  be  ten  days  after  the  appear¬ 
ance  of  the  rash.  Pupils  who  have  had  measles  will 
be  permitted  to  attend  school;  all  other  members  of 
the  household  shall  not  be  permitted  to  attend  school 
until  the  period  of  incubation  has  passed  and  quaran¬ 
tine  has  been  discontinued. 

Whooping  Cough.  Incubation  period — seven  to  four¬ 
teen  days.  Modified  quarantine  shall  be  maintained 
until  spasmodic  coughing  has  ceased.  Pupils  who  have 
had  whooping  cough  will  be  permitted  to  attend  school; 
other  members  of  the  household  shall  be  excluded  from 
school  until  the  period  of  incubation  has  passed  and 
quarantine  has  been  discontinued. 

Chicken  Pox.  Incubation  period — seven  to  twenty 
days;  most  frequently  fourteen  days.  Modified  quar¬ 
antine  to  be  maintained  until  recovery,  desquamation, 
and  healing  of  the  sores  is  complete.  Pupils  who  have 
had  chicken  pox  may  attend  school;  other  members 
of  the  household  shall  be  excluded  from  school  until 
the  period  of  incubation  has  elapsed  and  quarantine 
has  been  discontinued. 

Mumps.  Incubation  period — fourteen  to  twenty- 
one  days.  Modified  quarantine  to  be  maintained. 
Pupils  who  have  had  mumps  will  be  permitted  to 
attend  school;  other  children  in  the  household  shall 


[23] 


be  excluded  from  school  until  quarantine  has  been 
discontinued  and  the  period  of  incubation  has  elapsed. 

Pupils  having  Impetigo,  Ringworm,  Pediculosis, 
Scabies,  Trachoma,  Conjunctivitis,  or  any  disease 
which  may  endanger  the  health  of  other  children,  may 
be  excluded  from  school.  Re-admission  to  school  shall 
be  permitted  only  upon  a  certificate  from  the  depart¬ 
ment  of  school  hygiene. 

No  pupil  who  has  been  absent  from  school  because 
of  quarantine  regulations  shall  be  re-admitted  to  school 
until  he  or  she  presents  in  writing  to  the  school  principal, 
a  certificate  obtained  from  either  the  city  department 
of  health  or  the  supervisor  of  school  hygiene,  stating 
it  is  safe  for  said  pupil  to  return  to  school. 

d.  The  director  of  the  department  of  hygiene  shall 
have  charge  of  the  High  School  swimming  pool, 
the  use  of  which  shall  be  governed  by  the  follow¬ 
ing  rules: 

At  least  once  each  year  a  thorough  physical 
examination  will  be  given  to  those  who  desire  to 
use  the  pool;  the  boys  to  be  examined  by  the 
director  of  hygiene,  the  girls  by  a  woman  physi¬ 
cian  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Education.  Only 
those  who  have  successfully  passed  this  examina¬ 
tion  will  be  permitted  the  use  of  the  pool. 

Before  entering  the  pool  each  individual  shall 
bathe  the  entire  body  with  soap  and  water. 

Boys  while  in  the  water  shall  not  be  permitted 
to  wear  clothing  of  any  kind . 

The  style  and  material  of  suits  to  be  worn  by 
girls  shall  be  determined  by  the  physical  director 
for  girls. 

All  suits  shall  be  sterilized  each  time  after  being 
used ;  the  sterilization  of  the  suits  to  be  under  the 
supervision  of  the  physical  director  for  the  girls. 

A  guard  under  the  direction  of  the  swimming 
instructors  shall  be  in  constant  attendance  when¬ 
ever  the  pool  is  in  use. 

The  physical  directors  shall  have  authority  to 
exclude  any  individual  from  the  use  of  the  pool 
whenever  they  so  deem  it  advisable. 

D.  Community  Centers. 

1.  The  supervisor  of  community  centers  shall  have  charge 
of  all  extension  work  which  is  non-instructional,  of 
activities  which  develop  in  each  community  within  the 
city  which  make  for  a  wider  use  of  the  school  plant  and 
shall  encourage  and  develop  such  activities  under  rules 
and  regulations  adopted  by  the  Board. 

■  [24] 


E.  The  supervisor  of  boys’  vocational  guidance,  the  supervisor 
of  girls’  vocational  guidance  and  the  chief  attendance  officer, 
together  with  the  employees  of  their  respective  departments, 
shall  constitute  a  bureau  of  child  welfare.  The  supervisor 
of  boys’  vocational  guidance  shall  be  chairman  of  this  bureau , 
1.  Functions.  The  departments  of  boys’  vocational  guid¬ 
ance  and  girls’  vocational  guidance  shall  seek  to  accom¬ 
plish  the  following  purposes  in  the  Lincoln  schools: 

a.  To  keep  boys  and  girls  from  leaving  school  too 
early. 

b.  To  conduct  an  efficient  placement  bureau  for 
boys  and  girls  who  must  “work  their  way” 
through  school  and  to  better  their  conditions  in 
every  way  possible. 

c.  To  locate  boys  and  girls  who  are  compelled  to 
leave  school  before  completing  the  High  School 
in  positions  which  offer  opportunities  for  ad¬ 
vancement;  and  to  give  assistance  to  such  High 
School  graduates  as  need  it. 

d.  To  co-operate  and  advise  with  the  vocational 
director  in  each  elementary  and  special  school 
and  to  direct  the  work  of  such  patrons’  com¬ 
mittees  as  may  be  appointed  to  assist  the  local 
directors  in  their  work. 

e.  To  develop  a  system  by  means  of  which  voca¬ 
tional  tendencies,  desires  and  ambitions  may  be 
discovered,  through  direct  personal  acquaintance 
and  investigation  on  the  part  of  the  supervisors 
and  the  local  directors  and  committees  in  each 
school. 

f.  To  use  the  system  of  vocational  reading  already 
established  as  a  means  of  increasing  vocational 
information  and  stimulating  active  and  vital 
thinking  on  the  part  of  pupils  and  to  alter  and 
further  develop  this  system  as  their  judgment 
may  dictate. 

g.  To  use  the  present  Junior  Civic  and  Industrial 
League  as  well  as  the  Commercial  Club  Efficiency 
List  and  its  requirements  as  one  of  the  most 
potent  factors  in  vocational  guidance,  and  to 
manage  these  organizations  to  that  end. 

h.  To  invite,  and  develop  where  necessary,  an 
attitude  of  co-operation  among  the  business  men 
of  Lincoln,  especially  the  employers  of  youthful 
labor. 

i.  To  work  out  if  possible  a  system  of  co-operative 
instruction  in  such  industrial  courses  as  are  now 


[25] 


or  may  later  be  installed  in  the  high  school,  if 
after  investigation  and  preliminary  trial  it  may 
seem  to  them  feasible  and  expedient  to  do  so. 

j.  To  establish  a  “follow  up”  system  for  all  young 
people  who  leave  school  until  they  reach  the 
age  of  eighteen. 

k.  To  see  such  records  and  make  such  investigations 
as  are  necessary  to  bring  best  results  to  above 
listed  activities. 

l.  To  develop  such  organizations  and  auxiliary 
movements  as  may  help  to  accomplish  the 
purposes  of  these  departments  and  to  seek  the 
co-operation  of  all  teachers  and  principals  in 
developing  individual  initiative,  sense  of  personal 
responsibility,  and  efficiency  in  knowledge  funda¬ 
mentals  on  the  part  of  the  children. 

m.  These  departments  shall  have  charge  of  the  work 
of  the  boys’  Junior  Civic  and  Industrial  League, 
of  the  efficiency  list  in  co-operation  with  the 
Lincoln  Commercial  Club  and  shall  supervise 
the  work  of  the  vocational  counsellors  in  the 
various  schools.  They  shall  also  have  charge 
of  the  courses  in  vocational  reading  and  in  the 
use  of  the  library. 

n.  The  course  of  study  to  be  followed  by  pupils 
who  have  been  granted  labor  permits  and  are 
in  continuation  classes  either  in  day  or  evening 
schools  shall  be  in  their  charge. 

2.  The  chief  attendance  officer,  with  his  assistants,  shall 
have  charge  of  the  permanent  census,  supervision  of 
all  factory  wholesale  houses,  stores  and  other  business 
establishments  which  employ  young  people  under 
eighteen  years  of  age,  supervision  of  establishments  and 
business  houses  likely  to  become  loafing  places  and  to  sell 
tobacco  to  boys  under  eighteen  years  of  age,  the  grant¬ 
ing  of  labor  certificates,  supervision  of  parochial  and 
private  schools  in  the  city  and  the  visitation  of  schools 
and  enforcement  of  the  compulsory  education  law. 

F.  Principals. 

1.  Classification.  The  principals  of  the  Lincoln  school 
system  are  classified  as  principal  of  the  High  School 
and  principals  of  the  junior  high  and  elementary  schools 
and  principals  of  evening  schools. 

2.  Eligibility. 

a.  To  be  eligible  to  election  as  principal  of  the 
Lincoln  High  School  the  candidate  must  have 
attained  a  high  degree  of  leadership  and  pro- 


•  [26] 


ficiency  in  secondary  education.  He  must  have 
at  least  the  baccalaureate  degree  from  a  college 
or  university  of  approved  standing  and  must 
have  had  approved  and  successful  experience 
in  the  administration  and  supervision  of  a  large 
high  school. 

b.  To  be  eligible  for  election  as  principal  of  a  junior 
high  school  the  candidate  must  have  at  least  the 
baccalaureate  degree  from  a  college  or  university 
of  approved  standing.  He  must  have  had  a 
thorough  professional  training  and  must  have 
shown  ability  for  leadership  in  the  field  of 
secondary  education  and  a  capacity  for  executive 
work  and  the  supervision  of  teaching. 

c.  To  be  eligible  to  election  as  a  principal  of  an 
elementary  school  the  candidate  must  have  had 
at  least  two  years  of  academic  training  beyond 
a  full  four-year  high  school  course  or  shall  be  a 
graduate  of  a  state  normal  school  of  approved 
standing  and  shall  have  had  successful  graded 
school  experience. 

d.  To  be  eligible  to  election  to  the  principalship  of 
the  evening  schools  a  candidate  must  give  evi¬ 
dence  of  special  qualifications  for  and  adaptability 
to  social  and  evening  school  work.  Day  school 
principals  will  be  used  in  all  cases  where  it  is 
deemed  advisable  by  the  superintendent  of 
schools. 

Note:  In  the  election  and  promotion  of  principals  the  preference 
shall  be  given  to  those  having  the  bachelor’s  degree  provided  the 
quality  of  service  rendered  is  equivalent  or  approximate  to  that  of 
other  candidates  having  less  academic  training. 

3.  Election  and  Term. 

a.  The  principal  of  the  High  School  shall  be  elected 
for  a  term  of  from  one  to  three  years  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  superintendent  of  schools. 

b.  The  principals  of  the  junior  high  and  elementary 
schools  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  one  year 
upon  the  recommendation  of  the  superintendent 
of  schools. 

c.  Evening  school  principals  will  be  elected  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  supervisor  of  evening 
schools  and  the  superintendent  of  schools  for  the 
evening  school  term. 

Note:  No  principal  shall  be  elected  or  promoted  except  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  superintendent  and  the  approval  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 


[27] 


4.  Salaries. 

a.  The  salary  of  the  principal  of  the  High  School 
shall  be  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Education  but 
shall  be  sufficient  to  bring  to  the  Lincoln  High 
School  the  services  of  the  best  qualified,  most 
expert  leaders  in  the  profession. 

b.  Salaries  of  Principals  of  Junior  High  and  Elemen¬ 
tary  schools  shall  be  such  as  to  attract  to  these 
positions  men  and  women  capable  of  the  highest 
professional  leadership. 

c.  Principals  of  the  evening  schools  shall  receive  a 
salary  of  $30  per  month  for  the  evening  school 
term.  Service  shall  be  for  three  or  four  evenings 
a  week  and  from  two  to  two  and  one-half  hours 
each  evening. 

5.  Duties. 

a.  Administrative  Duties.  (See  Chapter  Two,  VII- 
B-2.) 

1.  Principals,  as  the  local  heads  of  the  schools 
under  their  charge,  shall  be  held  responsible 
for  the  enforcement  of  the  rules  and  regula¬ 
tions  of  the  Board  as  directed  by  the 
superintendent. 

2.  They  shall  have  oversight  of  the  school 
houses,  grounds,  furniture,  apparatus,  and 
supplies  belonging  to  the  school  of  which 
they  have  charge.  They  shall  have  general 
management  of  dismissals  and  of  the 
discipline  upon  the  school  premises,  and 
shall  assign  to  their  respective  teachers 
such  duties  as  are  necessary  to  maintain 
proper  discipline  in  the  hallways  and  on  the 
stairs. 

3.  They  shall  advise  and  assist  teachers  in 
difficult  cases  of  discipline  whenever  called 
upon,  and  shall  have  general  oversight  of 
the  instruction  of  the  various  classes. 

4.  They  shall,  at  the  end  of  the  school  year 
and  at  such  other  times  during  the  year 
as  the  superintendent  may  direct,  report 
upon  the  character  of  the  work  done  by  all 
teachers  in  their  respective  buildings. 

5.  They  shall  not  permit  non-resident  pupils 
to  enter  school  until  such  pupils  present 
receipts  showing  that  tuition  has  been  paid 


[28] 


to  the  end  of  the  semester,  except  in  cases 
where  the  Board  of  Education  has  con¬ 
tracted  with  adjoining  districts  to  provide 
school  privileges  for  the  pupils  residing 
therein. 

6.  They  shall  have  power  to  suspend  pupils 
for  absence,  tardiness,  truancy  or  misde¬ 
meanor.  Such  suspension  shall  be  in  force 
until  the  parent  reports  to  the  principal 
or  to  the  superintendent,  as  the  principal 
directs,  and  until  the  parent  assures  the 
principal  or  superintendent  of  co-operation 
and  support  in  the  future. 

7.  Corporal  punishment  shall  be  avoided  when 
obedience  can  be  obtained  by  milder 
measures,  but  the  right  to  inflict  such 
punishment  shall  be  vested  in  the  principal 
who  shall  determine  the  manner  in  which 
said  punishment  shall  be  given.  The 
principal  may  delegate  to  the  teacher  the 
right  to  inflict  corporal  punishment  when 
deemed  advisable.  Striking  any  part  of 
the  face  is  strictly  forbidden.  Placing  the 
hands  upon  the  pupils  in  any  manner  for 
the  purpose  of  punishment  shall  be  con¬ 
sidered  corporal  punishment.  Whenever 
possible,  the  co-operation  of  the  parents 
shall  be  secured. 

8.  All  cases  of  corporal  punishment  must  be 
reported  to  the  superintendent  in  writing. 

9.  When  a  pupil  is  transferred,  the  principal 
shall  at  once  send  notice  on  the  proper 
blank  form  to  the  principal  of  the  school 
to  which  the  transfer  is  made. 

10.  Principals  shall  superintend  the  janitors  in 
the  discharge  of  their  duties  and  report  all 
cases  of  neglect  to  the  secretary. 

11.  They  shall  make  a  report  in  writing  to  the 
secretary  when  repairs  and  school  furniture 
are  needed. 

12.  They  shall  make  requisitions  for  books  and 
supplies  at  such  time  as  the  superinten¬ 
dent’s  clerk  shall  designate;  said  books 
and  supplies  to  be  sent  to  the  buildings  as 
soon  thereafter  as  possible.  They  shall 
keep  an  accurate  account  of  all  books 
received  and  the  disposition  made  of  same. 

[29] 


13.  They  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  absence 
and  tardiness  of  teachers,  including  the 
teachers  and  supervisors  of  special  sub¬ 
jects,  and  shall  report  such  absence  and 
tardiness  on  the  time  sheets  that  are  filed 
with  the  pay  rolls  at  the  Board  of  Education 
office. 

14.  They  shall  communicate  with  the  superin¬ 
tendent’s  clerk  when  supply  teachers  are 
needed  on  short  notice. 

15.  Whenever,  for  any  cause,  a  school  is  dis¬ 
missed  before  the  regular  hour  for  closing, 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  principal  to 
report  to  the  superintendent’s  office  the 
reason  for  such  dismissal. 

16.  Principals  shall  not  permit  agents  for  books, 
papers,  or  apparatus  to  canvass  at  their 
respective  buildings.  They  shall  not  per¬ 
mit  lecturers,  exhibitors,  or  other  persons 
not  connected  with  the  schools  to  speak 
before  any  of  the  schools  for  any  purpose 
whatever  without  a  written  statement  from 
the  superintendent  granting  such  permis¬ 
sion. 

17.  No  tickets  shall  be  sold;  no  notices  of 
concerts,  lectures,  or  other  entertainments 
or  announcements  of  any  kind  shall  be 
made  without  written  statement  from  the 
superintendent  granting  such  permission. 

18.  Principals  shall  permit  no  person  to  copy 
the  names  and  addresses  of  pupils  from  the 
school  records  for  advertising  purposes. 

b.  Supervisory  Functions. 

1.  The  principal  shall  carefully  study  the 
general  purposes  of  the  school  system  as  a 
whole  and  the  special  needs  of  the  com¬ 
munity  in  which  his  school  operates  and 
shall  make  it  his  chief  aim  to  develop  a 
system  of  instruction  which  shall  best  serve 
the  needs  of  the  young  citizenship  of  the 
community  in  the  light  of  the  general 
policies  of  the  school  system  and  the  best 
educational  thought  of  the  day. 

2.  It  shall  be  the  aim  of  the  principal  of  each 
school  through  careful  study  of  the  needs 
of  various  groups  of  pupils,  through  care- 

130] 


ful  scientific  experimentation  and  through 
professional  study  to  contribute  to  the 
development  of  curriculums  which  will 
serve  the  highest  purposes  of  modern 
education  and  which  will  best  meet  the 
needs  of  the  children  of  the  community. 

3.  It  shall  be  the  purpose  of  the  principal  to 
develop  a  high  degree  of  efficiency  in  class 
room  instruction  by  promoting  professional 
study  among  the  teachers,  by  conducting 
teachers’  meetings,  by  encouraging  inter¬ 
class-room  and  inter-scholastic  visitation, 
by  stimulating  special  gifts  and  talents  in 
members  of  the  teaching  corps,  by  visiting 
instruction  personally  and  by  personal  con¬ 
ferences  with  teachers  after  such  visitation. 

4.  It  shall  be  the  aim  of  the  principal  to  use 
other  educational  means  arising  from  the 
activities  of  the  community  from  which 
the  school  operates  to  promote  educational 
growth  among  the  pupils,  to  promote  civic 
organizations  and  the  growth  of  civic  ideals 
by  the  practice  of  citizenship  in  the  schools. 

G.  Teachers. 

All  teachers  shall  be  elected  under  such  eligibility  rules 
and  salary  schedules  as  have  been  or  shall  be  adopted  by 
the  Board  of  Education. 

H.  Election  of  Teachers. 

The  annual  election  of  teachers  shall  take  place  at  the 
second  regular  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Education  in  April, 
or  as  soon  thereafter  as  is  practicable.  Prior  to  this,  the 
superintendent  shall  submit  to  the  committee  on  teachers 
his  recommendation  concerning  teachers  in  the  employ  of  the 
Board,  giving  due  consideration  to  the  reports  received  from 
principals. 

The  superintendent  alone  shall  have  the  right  to  nominate 
teachers,  and  no  teacher  shall  be  elected  without  his  recom¬ 
mendation.  When  new  teachers  are  to  be  elected,  the  super¬ 
intendent  shall  recommend  to  the  committee  on  teachers 
candidates  whom  he  considers  competent  for  the  positions, 
with  a  statement  of  their  qualifications.  The  committee 
shall  then  select  from  this  list  a  sufficient  number  for  the 
positions  to  be  filled  and  recommend  the  same  to  the  board 
for  election. 


[31] 


I.  Reserve  Teachers. 

At  the  annual  election  and  at  such  other  times  as  may 
seem  desirable,  after  filling  all  vacancies,  the  Board  shall 
elect  a  number  of  teachers  who  shall  be  subject  to  assign¬ 
ment  at  the  discretion  of  the  superintendent  and  committee 
on  teachers  but  shall  receive  no  pay  until  such  assignment 
is  made. 

J.  Leave  of  Absence. 

Teachers  whose  work  and  conduct  are  satisfactory  who 
may  wish  to  pursue  studies  calculated  to  prepare  them  for 
better  service  may  be  granted  leave  of  absence  by  a  vote  of 
the  Board.  At  the  expiration  of  their  leave  of  absence, 
such  teachers  shall  be  eligible  to  re-election  the  same  as  if 
in  active  service.  Teachers  who  have  been  granted  leave 
of  absence  will  not  necessarily  be  given  their  previous  assign¬ 
ment  at  the  expiration  of  the  leave. 

K.  Dismissal  of  Teachers. 

The  Board  reserves  the  right  to  discharge  at  the  end  of 
any  month  or  semester  any  teacher  whose  work  or  conduct 
is  not  satisfactory.  Ample  notice  shall 'be  given  except  in 
cases  of  flagrant  misconduct. 

L.  Certification  of  Teachers. 

1.  All  supervisory  and  instructional  officers  of  the  Board 
of  Education,  including  the  superintendent;  supervisors 
of  departments  giving  instruction  in  specialized  sub¬ 
jects;  all  principals  of  all  day  and  evening  schools; 
regular  High  School  teachers;  regular  elementary  and 
Junior  High  School  teachers;  evening  school  teachers; 
teachers  of  special  subjects;  assistants  including  High 
School  assistants,  part-time  elementary  school  assis¬ 
tants,  part-time  assistants  in  special  subjects  and 
kindergarten  assistants  shall  have  a  legal  certificate 
under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Nebraska  which  shall 
entitle  them  to  teach  in  their  respective  departments 
of  the  Lincoln  schools. 

2.  The  superintendent,  supervisors,  and  principals  of  all 
day  and  evening  schools,  regular  High  School  teachers, 
regular  teachers  in  the  day  schools  shall  have  one  of 
the  following  classes  of  certificates: 

(a) .  Professional  Life  Certificate  (or  permanent 

state  certificate)  granted  by  the  state  depart¬ 
ment  of  public  instruction  of  the  state  of 
Nebraska. 

(b) .  City  State  First  Grade  granted  by  the  state  de¬ 

partment  of  public  instruction  of  the  state  of 
Nebraska. 


.  [32] 


(c) .  A  certificate  granted  at  the  completion  of  a  four- 

year  course  in  the  University  of  Nebraska  or 
other  higher  institution  of  learning  giving  an 
equivalent  four-year  course  which  is  recognized 
by  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Nebraska  or  by  the 
department  of  public  instruction  of  the  state 
of  Nebraska  as  entitling  the  holder  to  teach  in 
the  high  and  elementary  schools  of  the  state 
of  Nebraska. 

(d)  .  A  certificate  granted  by  the  state  normal  schools 

of  Nebraska  at  the  completion  of  a  two-year 
course  above  the  High  School  or  by  other  insti¬ 
tutions  giving  an  equivalent  two-year  course 
above  the  regular  four-year  High  School  course 
and  recognized  by  the  state  department  of 
public  instruction  of  the  state  of  Nebraska 
as  entitled  to  grant  such  certificates. 

(e)  A  certificate  granted  at  the  completion  of  a 
two-year  teachers'  course  above  the  regular 
four-year  High  School  course  in  the  University 
of  Nebraska  or  other  institution  giving  an 
equivalent  course  and  recognized  by  the  state 
department  of  public  instruction. 

(f) .  A  legal  certificate  granted  by  the  Board  of 

Education  of  the  Lincoln  city  school  district 
under  the  act  of  1917,  Section  17. 

Note:  The  Board  of  Education  may  grant  through  the 
superintendent’s  office  to  the  classes  of  teachers,  princi¬ 
pals  and  supervisors  named  in  “2”  above  two  classes 
of  certificates  as  follows: 

Lincoln  City  First  Grade  Certificate — Valid 
for  three  years. 

Conditions: 

Three  years  successful  teaching  in  a  school 
system  having  a  four-year  High  School 
accredited  to  the  University  of  Nebraska 
or  High  School  giving  an  equivalent 
course. 

Two  years  credit  for  academic  or  profes¬ 
sional  study  in  a  university  or  normal 
school  of  recognized  standing. 

Completion  of  professional  reading  for  the 
preceding  year  as  approved  by  the 
office  of  the  superintendent  and  required 
of  teachers  in  their  respective  depart¬ 
ments  of  the  Lincoln  Schools. 


[33] 


Payment  of  a  fee  of  $1  which  shall  be 
credited  to  the  institute  fund  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 

Lincoln  City  Emergency  Certificate — Valid 

for  one  year. 

This  certificate  will  be  granted  at  the  dis¬ 
cretion  of  the  superintendent  of  schools  to 
such  teachers  in  classes  named  in  “2” 
above  as  fulfill  the  eligibility  requirements 
for  election  in  the  Lincoln  schools  and  who, 
upon  the  recommendation  of  the  superin¬ 
tendent  of  schools  have  been  elected  to  a 
regular  position  in  the  Lincoln  schools. 

3.  All  evening  school  teachers  and  principals,  teachers  in 
special  departments,  full  or  part  time  assistants  in  High, 
junior  high,  elementary  schools,  kindergartens  and 
special  departments  unless  legally  certificated  under 
provisions  named  in  “2”  above  must  hold  in  order 
legally  to  draw  salary  upon  the  pay-roll  of  the  Board 
of  Education  of  the  city  of  Lincoln,  one  of  the  following 
classes  of  certificates  which  the  Board  of  Education  may 
grant  through  the  office  of  the  superintendent  of  schools 
under  act  of  1917 — Section  17. 

Lincoln  City  Evening  School  Certificate — Valid 

one  year. 

Conditions: 

Eligibility  to  election  as  everting  school  teacher 
or  principal  under  the  rules  of  the  Board  of 
Education. 

Election  upon  recommendation  of  the  super¬ 
visor  of  evening  schools  and  the  superintendent 
to  a  place  in  the  evening  schools  of  Lincoln. 
Payment  of  a  regular  fee  of  $1  which  will  be 
deposited  to  the  credit  of  the  institute  fund. 

Lincoln  City  Assistants’  Certificate — Valid  one 

year. 

Conditions: 

Eligibility  to  assistantship  as  prescribed  by  the 
rules  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

Election  upon  recommendation  of  the  superin¬ 
tendent  of  schools  to  an  assistantship  in  some 
department  in  the  Lincoln  Schools. 

Payment  of  a  regular  fee  of  $1  which  will  be 
deposited  to  the  credit  of  the  institute  fund. 


[34] 


Lincoln  City  Special  Teachers’  Certificate — Valid 
for  one  year. 

Conditions: 

Eligibility  to  a  special  department  under  the 
rules  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

Election  upon  recommendation  of  the  super- 
tendent  of  schools  to  a  position  in  such  special 
department. 

Payment  of  a  regular  fee  of  $1  which  will  be 
deposited  to  the  credit  of  the  institute  fund. 

4.  City  State  Second  Grade  Certificate. 

Classes  of  teachers  named  in  “2”  and  “3”  above  may 
be  legally  employed  in  the  Lincoln  schools  and  may 
draw  salary  upon  the  pay-roll  of  the  Board  of 
Education  if  they  present  a  legal  second  grade 
city  state  certificate  issued  by  the  state  depart¬ 
ment  of  public  instruction  of  the  state  of  Nebraska 
which  certificate  may  be  in  force  at  the  time  of 
their  employment. 

M.  Duties  of  Teachers. 

1.  Teachers  are  appointed  and  assigned  subject  to  change 
of  place  when  the  good  of  the  school  requires  it.  All 
teachers  shall  make  themselves  familiar  with  the  rules 
and  regulations  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Education, 
especially  such  as  relate  to  their  own  duties,  and  to  the 
instruction  and  discipline  of  their  own  schools,  and 
shall  be  held  responsible  for  their  observance.  It  shall 
also  be  their  duty  to  see  that  pupils  distinctly  under¬ 
stand  all  rules  relating  to  pupils. 

2.  Teachers  are  required  to  observe  all  instructions  of  the 
superintendent,  to  devote  themselves  faithfully  and 
during  school  hours  exclusively,  to  school  duties.  They 
shall  also  attend  all  teachers’  meetings  appointed  by 
the  superintendent  or  under  his  authority,  and  teachers 
failing  to  do  so  shall  be  reported  to  the  Board. 

3.  Teachers  in  their  various  schools  shall  keep  such  records 
in  respect  to  attendance,  recitations,  and  other  things 
as  are  prescribed  by  the  Board  of  Education  or  superin¬ 
tendent,  and  shall  make  returns  through  the  principal 
to  the  superintendent  upon  blanks  furnished  for  that 
purpose,  as  he  may  require. 

4.  Teachers  shall  not  allow  their  time  or  that  of  their 
pupils  to  be  occupied  in  school  hours  by  any  business 
not  connected  with  the  prescribed  school  work,  except 
by  previous  written  consent  of  the  superintendent* 

[35] 


The  grading  of  examination  manuscripts  and  the  prep¬ 
aration  of  reports  and  plan  books  must  not  be  done 
during  the  hours  when  the  schools  are  in  regular  session. 

5.  Teachers  are  required  to  open  and  remain  in  their 
respective  rooms  twenty  minutes  before  the  time  for 
opening  school  in  the  forenoon  and  ten  minutes  in  the 
afternoon;  teachers  failing  to  meet  this  requirement 
shall  be  considered  tardy.  They  shall  not  permit  dis¬ 
order  or  unnecessary  noise  in  the  rooms  at  any  time, 
nor  allow  pupils  to  remain  therein  except  in  their 
presence,  or  under  such  regulations  for  securing  order 
as  are  approved  by  the  superintendent,  and  shall  see 
that  their  rooms  are  vacated  when  they  leave  both  at 
noon  and  night. 

6.  Teachers  are  required  to  open  their  schools  at  the 
precise  time  appointed,  and  to  dismiss  with  equal 
promptness  at  the  appointed  time,  provided,  that 
nothing  in  this  rule  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent 
the  detention  of  pupils  after  school,  at  the  close  of  the 
afternoon  session,  when  in  the  judgment  of  the  teacher 
it  is  necessary,  either  for  the  purpose  of  discipline  or 
making  up  neglected  lessons.  The  practice  of  detain¬ 
ing  pupils  after  school  should  be  avoided  as  far  as 
possible,  and  they  should  never  be  detained  at  the 
close  of  the  forenoon  session. 

7.  Teachers  shall  render  such  assistance  in  maintaining 
general  order  as  may  be  required  of  them  by  the  prin¬ 
cipal  or  superintendent.  It  is  their  duty  to  take  cogni¬ 
zance  of  any  disorder  in  halls  or  cloak  rooms,  and  their 
authority  shall  apply  equally  to  all  pupils  of  the  school 
building. 

8.  Teachers  shall  practice  such  discipline  in  the  schools 
as  would  be  exercised  by  a  kind  and  judicious  parent 
in  his  family.  Only  difficult  cases  should  be  referred 
to  the  principal  or  superintendent. 

9.  For  rules  governing  corporal  punishment  see  Duties  of 
Principals,  Chap.  Ill,  F.  5-a-7. 

10.  Teachers  shall  be  responsible  for  the  discipline  of  their 
rooms  while  the  supervisors  of  special  subjects  are  in 
charge.  They  shall  also  give  close  observation  to  the 
work  presented  by  the  supervisors. 

11.  Teachers  shall  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  all  written 
announcements  from  the  superintendent  or  principal 
by  endorsing  their  names  thereon.  They  shall  keip  a 
program  of  recitations  and  study  in  their  planbooks 
and  a  copy  of  same  posted  on  the  outside  of  the  school 
room  door. 


[36] 


12.  Teachers  shall  be  responsible  for  the  proper  care  and 
return  of  all  text-books,  reference  books,  courses  of 
study,  manuals,  rules,  and  bulletins  furnished  by  the 
district  to  their  respective  rooms.  They  shall  keep  a 
systematic  and  complete  record  of  the  books  and 
permanent  supplies  furnished  each  pupil,  and  give 
proper  credit  when  same  are  returned. 

13.  Teachers  shall  exercise  proper  care  and  economy  in  the 
use  of  all  supplies  furnished  by  the  Board  of  Education, 

14.  Teachers  shall  take  care  that  their  respective  rooms, 
as  well  as  the  furniture,  apparatus,  maps,  and  other 
school  property  belonging  to  their  rooms,  be  not  defaced 
or  injured.  Upon  the  discovery  of  any  injury  they 
shall  endeavor  to  secure  the  repair  of  same  and  if  the 
ordinary  means  fail,  they  shall  report  the  injuries  to 
the  principal. 

15.  No  pupil  shall  be  denied  the  privilege  of  leaving  the 
room  when  necessary  except  when  the  teacher  has 
sufficient  evidence  that  the  pupil  is  taking  undue  advan¬ 
tage  of  this  rule.  In  the  event  of  any  pupil  becoming 
a  substantial  hindrance  to  the  school  by  reason  of 
frequently  leaving  the  room,  the  pupil  must  be  reported 
to  the  superintendent  for  his  consideration. 

In  case  of  serious  illness  or  emergency,  the  teacher 
may  permit  the  pupil  to  go  home.  Each  excuse  of 
this  character  shall  be  reported  by  the  teacher  to  the 
principal  at  the  earliest  opportunity. 

16.  Teachers  are  not  permitted  to  require  pupils  to  watch 
over  and  report  the  conduct  of  other  pupils. 

17.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  teacher  promptly  to  notify 
parents  or  guardians  of  the  absence  of  pupils  from  any 
session  of  school  unless  satisfied  that  a  reasonable  excuse 
for  the  absence  exists. 

18.  Teachers  must  not  leave  their  school  rooms  nor  un¬ 
necessarily  allow  their  pupils  out  of  their  view  during 
the  progress  of  a  written  test  or  examination.  The 
greatest  care  should  be  used  to  preserve  the  integrity 
of  the  tests  and  examinations. 

19.  No  teacher  shall  be  absent  from  school  without  the 
consent  of  the  superintendent  except  in  case  of  personal 
illness.  In  case  of  continuous  absence  for  any  cause 
for  more  than  twenty  schools  days  without  the  consent 
of  the  superintendent,  the  position  shall  become  vacant. 

20.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  teachers  in  case  of  necessary 
absence  to  send  notice  to  the  superintendent’s  office 
before  8  o’clock.  Principals  should  receive  notice  of 
such  absence  from  the  office. 


[37] 


21.  Any  teacher  wishing  to  resign  shall  give  at  least  three 
weeks’  notice  in  writing;  in  default  of  which  all  com¬ 
pensation  for  that  period  shall  be  forfeited. 

22.  No  teacher  shall  allow  a  subscription  or  contribution 
of  any  kind  in  any  public  school  for  his  or  her  benefit, 
nor  accept  a  present  from  any  pupil  at  the  school, 
except  by  special  permission  of  the  Board. 

No  teacher  shall  solicit  for  or  contribute  to  a  fund 
with  which  it  is  intended  to  purchase  a  gift  for  any 
pupil,  principal,  supervisor,  or  school  official,  except  by 
special  permission  of  the  Board. 

The  above  regulations  are  not  intended  to  prohibit 
the  sending  of  flowers  in  case  of  illness  or  death,  the 
presentation  to  the  school  of  suitable  tokens  of  remem¬ 
brance  by  graduating  classes,  or  the  customary  ex¬ 
change  of  courtesies  and  remembrances  during  the 
daily  intercourse  of  teachers  and  pupils. 

23.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  teachers  wishing  to  make  com¬ 
plaints  concerning  matters  under  the  control  of  their 
principals,  to  make  such  complaints  or  suggestions 
first  to  their  principals.  If  satisfactory  adjustments 
are  not  made,  the  teachers  are  privileged  to  report  the 
same  directly  to  the  superintendent.  Teachers  at  all 
times  are  privileged  to  consult  freely  the  superintendent 
about  any  matter  pertaining  to  the  rules,  regulations,  and 
courses  of  study  concerning  which  they  believe  he  can 
give  assistance. 

24.  All  rooms  in  school  buildings  shall  be  vacated  by 
teachers  not  later  than  4:30  P.  M.,  except  as  arranged  by 
the  principals.  The  janitor  shall  have  access  at  4 
P.  M.  to  any  room  in  the  building  that  he  desires  to 
sweep. 

25.  All  orders  from  teachers  to  janitors  shall  be  made 
through  the  principal  except  in  case  of  fire  or  of  in¬ 
sufficient  or  excessive  heat. 

26.  The  superintendent  of  schools  is  authorized  to  grant 
yearly  two  visiting  days  to  the  teachers.  Within  a 
week  after  visitation  the  teachers  shall  send  to  the 
superintendent  a  written  report  of  the  visits  made, 
including  the  time  spent  and  the  work  observed  in 
each  school. 

27.  Teachers  may  be  asked  to  conduct  classes  in  the  special 
subjects  once  each  semester  so  that  supervisors  may 
have  opportunity  to  observe  their  methods  of  instruc¬ 
tion. 

28.  Kindergarten  directors  shall  have  immediate  super¬ 
vision  of  the  work  and  of  all  assistants  in  their  depart- 


[38] 


ments;  plan  all  the  work  fully  with  the  aid  of  the 
assistants;  and  shall  give  such  instruction  and  render 
such  help  to  assistants  and  cadets  in  their  departments 
as  the  best  results  require.  Only  paid  assistants  shall 
have  direct  charge  of  the  work  of  a  class  and  act  as 
general  assistants.  Cadets  with  one  semester’s  train¬ 
ing  may  be  placed  in  charge  of  the  beginner’s  class 
when  the  director  finds  it  necessary  to  make  such  an 
arrangement. 

No  class  shall  be  promoted  to  the  first  grade  that 
has  not  had  a  semester’s  training  at  the  director’s 
table. 

29.  The  kindergarten  directors  shall  place  at  the  disposal 
of  the  principals  one  hour  and  fifteen  minutes  daily. 
This  time  is  to  be  used  in  clerical  work,  in  giving  help 
to  backward  pupils,  or  in  any  way  the  principals  may 
desire. 

If  desired,  the  kindergarten  assistants  shall  assist 
the  first  grade  teachers  in  the  afternoons  with  the 
exception  of  45  minutes,  during  which  they  shall  plan 
the  daily  kindergarten  work  in  conjunction  with  the 
directors.  In  case  the  time  devoted  to  assisting  in 
the  first  grade  is  needed  only  in  part  or  not  needed  at 
all,  the  time  shall  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
principals  to  be  used  as  seems  best. 

In  case  two  sessions  are  being  held  in  the  kinder¬ 
garten,  the  above  regulation  shall  not  obtain. 

If  the  kindergarten  director,  assistant,  and  cadet 
are  pursuing  a  course  of  study  authorized  and  approved 
by  the  superintendent,  the  kindergarten  director  and 
assistant  shall  give  the  time  as  designated  above  on 
four  days  of  the  week  only. 

30.  High  School  teachers  may  be  called  on  by  the  super¬ 
intendent  of  schools  to  assist  in  the  planning  and 
directing  of  the  work  of  their  subjects  in  grammar 
grades  for  the  purpose  of  thus  strengthening  the  work 
of  the  departments  and  thoroughly  unifying  the  work 
of  the  grades  and  the  High  School.  The  work  shall 
be  accomplished  through  teachers’  meetings,  the  plan¬ 
ning  of  courses,  suggested  methods  of  work,  and  in 
such  other  ways  as  may  be  determined  by  the  superin¬ 
tendent  and  teachers  concerned,  providing  that  this 
work  does  not  interfere  with  the  regular  High  School 
work  of  the  teachers. 

31.  No  teacher  doing  full  work  in  the  Lincoln  schools  shall 
be  allowed  to  take  or  to  receive  more  than  six  university 
credit  hours  during  the  school  year. 


[39] 


32.  Teachers  should  read  and  observe  carefully  the  regula¬ 
tions  relating  to  the  keeping  of  records  and  reports  as 
stated  in  Chapter  III,  division  VII. 

Miscellaneous  Rules  and  Regulations 

1.  The  schools  shall  open  on  the  second  Monday  in 
September  and  continue  for  thirty-six  weeks  with  the 
following  regular  vacations  and  such  other  vacations 
as  the  Board  of  Education  may  designate: 

Thanksgiving  Day  and  the  Friday  following. 

Christmas  vacation  of  two  weeks;  school  re-opening 

the  first  Monday  in  January. 

Spring  vacation  of  one  week  at  the  close  of  the  third 

quarter. 

Memorial  Day. 

2.  The  sessions  in  the  elementary  schools  shall  be 
determined  by  Board  on  recommendation  of  the  super¬ 
intendent. 

3.  Teachers  in  vacation  schools  shall  be  held  responsible 
for  the  proper  use  and  care  of  all  books  and  supplies 
sent  to  their  respective  rooms  for  use  by  the  pupils. 

4.  Parents  or  persons  desiring  text-books  for  use  during 
the  summer  vacation  or  at  any  other  time  shall  secure 
same  at  the  Board  of  Education  office.  A  deposit 
sufficient  to  cover  the  price  of  the  books  shall  be 
required;  said  deposit  to  be  refunded  when  the  books 
are  returned  in  proper  condition. 

If  the  books  are  damaged  beyond  the  wear  which  may 
reasonably  be  expected,  a  sufficient  amount  shall  be 
deducted  from  the  deposit  made  to  cover  such  damage. 

5.  Parents  are  invited  to  visit  the  schools  to  confer  with 
the  teachers  as  to  the  best  methods  for  the  discipline 
and  instruction  of  their  children,  but  any  person  feel¬ 
ing  aggrieved  about  any  matter  connected  with  the 
schools  shall  not  communicate  with  the  teacher  during 
school  hours  nor  in  the  presence  of  pupils.  The 
principal  may  be  consulted  at  any  time. 

If  not  satisfied  with  the  action  of  the  principal,  the 
aggrieved  person  shall  be  referred  to  the  superintendent. 

6.  No  complaint  against  any  particular  person  or  persons 
will  be  considered  by  the  Board  of  Education  unless 
it  is  filed  in  writing,  clearly  stating  the  cause  for  com¬ 
plaint,  and  signed  by  the  complaining  party. 

7.  The  following  rules  shall  be  observed  in  connection 
with  all  fire  and  emergency  drills: 


[40] 


a.  All  outside  doors  and  other  exits  must  be  un¬ 
locked  at  all  times  when  school  is  in  session  or 
when  exercises  of  any  character  are  being  held 
in  the  school  buildings.  At  no  time  shall  aisles 
or  halls  be  obstructed  by  chairs,  benches,  or 
other  material  that  will  prevent  free  exit  or 
entrance  of  pupils  and  others. 

b.  All  teachers  and  pupils  shall  be  instructed  by 
means  of  drills  so  that  they  may  be  able  to  leave 
the  school  buildings  in  case  of  emergency  in  the 
shortest  possible  time  consistent  with  good  order 
and  safety. 

c.  These  drills  shall  take  place  at  least  once  a  week, 
except  when  the  weather  is  such  as  to  endanger 
the  health  of  pupils. 

Flag  Days 

8.  The  following  are  the  flag  days  designated  by  the  Board  of 
Education : 

September  — ,  Monday,  Labor  Day. 

September  — ,  Monday,  Opening  day  of  schools. 

September  22,  Emancipation  Proclamation. 

October  21,  Columbus  Day. 

November  — ,  Thanksgiving  Day. 

December  21,  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims. 

February  12,  Lincoln’s  Birthday. 

February  22,  Washington’s  Birthday. 

March  1,  Nebraska  admitted  to  the  Union. 

April  6,  Entrance  of  the  United  States  into  world  war. 

April  19,  Battle  of  Lexington. 

April  22,  Arbor  Day. 

May  30,  Memorial  Day  (flag  at  half  mast). 

June  14,  Flag  Day[. 

July  4,  Independence  Day. 

All  other  days  officially  designated  by  the  State  Super¬ 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction  as  flag  days,  become  by 

that  fact,  a  part  of  this  list. 


[41] 


CHAPTER  THREE 


LEGAL  PROVISIONS 

School  Laws  Governing  Public  Schools  in  Cities  of 
Nebraska  Having  More  Than  40,000  and  Less 
Than  100,000  Inhabitants 

Section  1.  The ’territory  now  or  hereafter  embraced  within 
each  incorporated  city  in  the  state  of  Nebraska,  having  more 
than  40,000  and  less  than  100,000  inhabitants,  and  such  adjacent 
territory  as  now  or  hereafter  may  be  included  therewith  for  school 
purposes,  shall  constitute  one  school  district  and  be  known  by 
the  name  of  “The  School  District  of  (name  of  city)  in  the  County 
of  (name  of  county)  in  the  state  of  Nebraska,  ”  and  as  such  be  a 
body  corporate  and  possess  all  the  usual  powers  of  a  corporation 
for  public  purposes  and  in  that  name  and  style  may  sue  and  be 
sued,  purchase,  hold  and  sell  such  personal  and  real  estate  and 
contract  such  obligations  as  are  authorized  by  law.  The  title 
to  all  property,  real  or  personal,  owned  by  such  district  shall, 
upon  the  organization  thereof,  vest  immediately  in  the  district 
so  created.  The  board  of  education  shall  have  exclusive  control 
of  all  property  belonging  to  the  district. 

Section  2.  All  schools  organized  within  such  district  shall 
be  under  the  direction  and  control  of  the  board  of  education. 
Such  schools  shall  be  free  to  all  children  between  the  ages  of  5 
and  21  years  whose  parents  or  guardians  live  within  the  limits 
of  such  district,  and  all  children  of  school  age,  non-residents  of 
the  district,  who  are  or  may  be  by  law  allowed  to  attend  the 
schools  without  charge.  Persons  over  21  years  of  age  and  under 
5  years  of  age,  likewise,  may  be  permitted  to  attend  under  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  the  board  of  education  may  prescribe. 

Section  3.  The  board  of  education  created  by  this  act  shall 
consist  of  six  members  who  shall  be  elected  upon  a  general  ticket 
from  among  the  legal  voters  who  are  tax  payers  at  the  time  for 
holding  the  general  city  election  in  each  year.  At  the  general 
city  election  to  be  held  in  the  year  1917  and  in  every  two  years 
thereafter  there  shall  be  elected  two  members,  each  to  serve 
for  six  years  and  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified; 
provided  the  present  members  of  the  board  of  education  in 
districts  coming  under  this  act  shall  hold  their  offices  for  their 
unexpired  terms.  The  members  of  the  board  shall  enter  upon 
the  duties  of  their  office  on  the  third  Monday  of  the  month  in 
which  they  are  elected.  Prior  thereto  they  shall  take  and  sub¬ 
scribe  the  usual  oath  of  office.  In  case  any  person  elected  shall 
fail  so  to  do,  his  election  shall  be  void  and  the  vacancy  thereby 
occasioned  shall  be  filled  by  the  board. 


[42] 


Section  4.  The  board  of  education  shall  have  power  to  fill 
any  vacancies  which  may  occur  in  the  body  from  among  the  legal 
voters  who  are  tax  payers;  provided  a  vacancy  occurring  more 
than  ten  days  previous  to  the  annual  city  election  and  leaving 
an  unexpired  term  of  more  than  one  year  shall  be  filled  at  the 
first  city  election  thereafter.  The  ballots  and  returns  shall  be 
designated  “to  fill  an  unexpired  term”. 

Section  5.  The  ballots  for  the  election  of  members  of  the 
board  of  education  or  for  authorizing  the  issuance  of  bonds  shall 
be  deposited  in  boxes  especially  prepared  for  that  purpose  and 
be  received  and  returns  made  by  the  regular  election  board  of 
the  city.  The  returns  shall  be  canvassed  in  the  same  manner  as 
provided  for  in  the  case  of  city  officers,  except  that  the  returns 
for  the  issuance  of  bonds  shall  be  made  to  and  canvassed  by  the 
board  of  education. 

Section  6.  The  regular  meetings  of  the  board  shall  be  held 
upon  the  first  and  third  Monday  of  each  month;  but  special 
meetings  may  be  held  from  time  to  time  as  circumstances  may 
demand.  All  meetings  shall  be  open  to  the  public  unless  other¬ 
wise  especially  ordered. 

Section  7.  The  board  of  education  shall  have  power  to 
select  their  own  officers  and  make  their  own  rules  and  regulations 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  general  school  laws; 
which  rules  and  regulations  may  define  the  relationship  of  the 
officers  and  employees  to  itself  and  to  each  other  and  outline 
and  prescribe  their  duties.  No  member  of  the  board  shall  accept 
or  receive  any  compensation  for  services  performed  in  discharg¬ 
ing  the  duties  of  his  office. 

Section  8.  On  the  third  Monday  of  May  in  each  year  the 
board  shall  elect  a  president  and  vice-president  from  among  their 
own  number,  who  shall  serve  for  the  term  of  one  year  or  until  their 
successors  are  elected  and  qualified.  At  this  or  at  any  regular 
meeting,  the  board  may  elect,  from  outside  its  own  members, 
other  officers  such  as  a  secretary,  a  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  a  building  supervisor,  also  a  principal  of  the  high 
school,  an  architect,  and  the  number  of  employees  the  board 
may  deem  necessary  for  the  proper  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the 
school  district,  at  such  a  salary  as  the  board  may  deem  just. 
It  may  contract  with  them  for  a  term  not  to  exceed  three  years. 
The  election  of  all  officers  of  the  board,  all  principals,  teachers 
and  regular  janitors,  and  all  elections  for  filling  vacancies  on  the 
board  shall  be  by  ballot.  No  person  shall  be  declared  elected 
except  he  received  the  vote  of  a  majority  of  all  the  members  of 
the  board. 

Section  9.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  president  to  preside 
at  all  meetings  of  the  board,  to  appoint  all  committees  whose 
appointment  is  not  otherwise  provided  for,  and  to  sign  all  warrants 


[43] 


ordered  by  the  board  of  education  to  be  drawn  upon  the  city 
treasurer  for  school  moneys. 

Section  10.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  vice-president  to 
perform  all  the  duties  of  the  president  in  case  of  his  absence  or 
disability. 

Section  11.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  secretary  to  be  pres¬ 
ent  at  all  meetings  of  the  board,  to  keep  an  accurate  journal  of 
its  proceedings,  to  take  charge  of  its  books  and  documents,  to 
countersign  all  warrants  for  school  moneys  drawn  upon  the  city 
treasurer  by  order  of  the  board,  to  apply  for  and  receive  school 
funds  from  the  county  treasurer  or  other  person  to  whom  such 
funds  are  payable  by  law  and  deposit  the  same  with  the  treasurer 
of  the  board ;  also  to  perform  all  such  other  duties  as  the  board 
may  require. 

Section  12.  Before  entering  upon  the  discharge  of  his 
duties,  the  secretary  of  the  board  shall  give  bonds  in  a  sum  of  not 
less  than  $5,000  and  shall  take  and  subscribe  the  usual  oath  of 
office.  The  board  may  require  any  other  officer  or  employee  to 
give  a  bond  in  such  an  amount  as  it  may  deem  necessary.  The 
cost  of  all  bonds  shall  be  paid  by  the  school  district  and  shall 
be  approved  by  the  board. 

Section  13.  The  city  treasurer  of  such  city  shall  be  ex 
officio  treasurer  of  the  school  district.  He  shall  attend  all  meet¬ 
ings  of  the  board  when  required  so  to  do,  and  he  shall  prepare 
and  submit  in  writing  a  monthly  report  of  the  state  of  its  finances. 
He  shall  pay  out  school  moneys  only  upon  warrants  signed  by 
the  president  or  vice-president,  and  countersigned  by  the  secre¬ 
tary.  He  shall  give  a  bond  payable  to  the  school  district  in 
such  a  sum  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  board  of  education. 

Section  14.  A  majority  of  all  the  members  of  the  board  of 
education  shall  constitute  a  quorum,  but  a  less  number  in  attend¬ 
ance  at  any  regular  meeting  shall  have,  and  a  quorum  at  any 
special  meeting  may  have,  power  to  compel  the  attendance  of 
absent  members  in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  the 
board  may  prescribe.  The  absence  of  any  member  from  four 
consecutive  regular  meetings  of  the  board,  unless  on  account 
of  sickness  or  consent  of  the  board,  the  removal  from  the  district, 
or  resignation  duly  accepted  by  the  board  shall  vacate  his  position, 
and  such  vacancy  shall  be  filled  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  act. 

Section  15.  All  accounts  shall  be  audited  by  the  secretary, 
approved  by  the  chairman  of  the  proper  committee,  and  counter¬ 
signed  by  at  least  two  other  members  of  the  board.  No  expendi¬ 
ture  greater  than  $1,000  shall  be  voted  by  the  board  except  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  a  written  contract.  No  money 
shall  be  appropriated  out  of  the  school  funds  except  on  a  recorded 
affirmative  vote  of  a  majority  of  all  the  members  of  the  board. 


.  [44] 


Section  16.  The  board  of  education  shall  cause  to  be  taken 
during  each  year,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  it  may 
adopt,  a  numeration  of  all  persons  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21 
years  living  in  the  district.  The  secretary  of  the  board  shall 
make  a  correct  list  under  oath  of  the  names  of  all  the  children 
living  within  the  district  in  June  of  each  year,  as  shown  by  said 
census  and  file  it,  with  any  other  information  required  by  law, 
with  the  county  superintendent  on  or  before  July  1st.  The 
board  may  cause  to  be  taken  an  enumeration  of  those  under  the 
age  of  5,  if  it  desires,  and  may  obtain  such  additional  information 
as  may  seem  expedient. 

Section  17.  No  person  shall  be  elected  to  a  position  as 
teacher,  principal,  supervisor,  or  superintendent  in  any  district 
governed  by  this  act,  who  does  not  hold  the  legal  city  certificate 
entitling  him  to  teach  the  grades  or  subjects  to  which  he  is  assigned, 
except  that  the  board  of  education  may  provide  in  whole  or  in 
part  a  certification  system  of  its  own  and  the  election  of  one 
holding  a  certificate  from  the  board  shall  be  legal. 

Section  18.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  member  of  the 
board  of  education  to  have  any  pecuniary  interest,  either  directly 
or  indirectly,  in  any  contract  for  the  erection  of  schoolhouses, 
or  for  warming,  ventilating,  furnishing  or  repairing  the  same, 
or  be  in  any  manner  connected  with  the  furnishing  of  supplies 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  schools. 

Section  19.  No  school  property  of  any  kind  belonging  to 
any  district  shall  be  sold  by  the  board  of  education,  except  at  a 
regular  meeting  of  the  same,  and  not  then  without  an  affirmative 
recorded  vote  of  at  least  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of  the 
board. 

Section  20.  The  board  of  education,  in  the  month  of  June 
in  each  year,  shall  report  to  the  county  board  an  estimate  of  the 
number  of  mills  tax  necessary  to  be  levied  to  raise  the  amount  of 
funds  required  for  the  support  of  the  schools  during  the  fiscal  year 
next  ensuing,  the  amount  required  for  the  purchase  and  better¬ 
ment  of  school  sites,  the  erection  of  new  buildings,  the  equipment 
of  new  school  buildings,  the  payment  of  interest  upon  all  bonds 
issued  for  school  purposes,  the  creation  of  a  sinking  fund  for  the 
payment  of  such  bonds;  also  the  amount  required  for  miscel¬ 
laneous  and  for  all  other  expenses.  The  county  board  is  hereby 
required  to  levy  and  collect  the  number  of  mills  so  reported 
by  the  board  of  education  the  same  as  other  taxes  are  levied  and 
collected. 

Section  21.  The  aggregate  school  tax,  exclusive  of  school 
bond  taxes,  shall  in  no  one  year  exceed  35  mills,  provided  that 
for  a  period  of  not  to  exceed  four  years,  beginning  with  the  year 
1917,  an  additional  levy  of  not  to  exceed  8  mills  per  year  may  be 
made,  the  proceeds  from  which  shall  be  used  exclusively  either 


[45] 


Woodruff  Bank  Note  Co. 

Lincoln,  Neb. 


